The following is a list of targeted interventions that have been implemented in countries around the world with the common goal of reducing harm around alcohol consumption. The examples cover several broad areas and are arranged in alphabetical order within each category. Where appropriate, programs have been cross-referenced.

For individuals and organizations wishing to know more about a particular program, contact information is provided where available. 

ICAP welcomes information about additional programs not included in this list or updated information regarding the efforts listed. Please write to us at info@icap.org.

Alcohol Education 

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100% Cool (Portugal). – Drinking and Driving

A Matter of Degree, AMOD (USA). AMOD is a multi-site environmental prevention initiative, targeting student problem drinking and resultant harm at 10 U.S. colleges. It is a multi-year program designed to foster collaboration between participating schools and the communities in which they are located. Individual initiatives may vary. For instance, coalitions may seek to curb the practice of alcohol discounting and promotions in their communities that may encourage excessive drinking (e.g., two-for-one drink specials and inexpensive beer pitcher sales). Some reductions in alcohol consumption and related harms were observed among students at those AMOD sites that most closely implemented the environmental model. Further research is necessary. See: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/3558.html.

Across Ages (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

AddictionLink: Just Moved to Finland (Finland). This English-language website provides easy access to objective information about alcohol, drugs, substance abuse, and healthscare services available in Finland. The site is directed particularly at newcomers to the country. See: http://www.paihdelinkki.fi/english/.

Alcohol 101® (USA). – Life Skills

AlcoholEdu: Outside the Classroom (USA). AlcoholEdu was the nation’s first online alcohol prevention program; today it is used at more than 500 colleges and high schools. A cooperative effort of state agencies and health education professionals, AlcoholEdu incorporates proven prevention strategies combined with science-based alcohol education. The program is interactive, encouraging students to make safer, healthier decisions about alcohol through the use of case studies, questionnaires, interactive exercises, audio-video presentations, charts, and diagrams. A number of versions of AlcoholEdu exist, each designed and developed for specific groups of students: the college population, high school students, and students who have violated alcohol policies. The online form can be customized to include state-specific information. The program is self-paced, reaching students in the privacy of their dormitory rooms, and makes it possible to deliver courses to 20,000 students a day. See: http://www.outsidetheclassroom.com/.

Alcohol: Go Easy (Australia). – Responsible Hospitality

Alcohol in Moderation (AIM) (U.K.). The AIM website provides information for the public on sensible drinking and health and functions as a conduit for information from industry associations and research groups. An electronic publication, AIM Digest, appears quarterly; its copies are distributed without charge to the media and legislators internationally. See: http://www.aim-digest.com/.

Are You Doing Your Part? Back-to-school Campaign (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

Arrive Alive! campaign (South Africa) – Drinking and Driving

Bimonthly Educational Seminars (Mexico). Bimonthly seminars on research, culture, and health aim to convey the responsible drinking message to youth, older adults, women, policy-makers, and health specialists. Some of the recent seminar topics included fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), excessive drinking and injuries/violence, alcohol at the workplace, alcoholism treatment, and alcohol and family. See: http://www.alcoholinformate.org.mx/seminarios.cfm.

Bob Jij of Bob ik? (The Netherlands). – Drinking and Driving

Body Effects (New Zealand). This interactive web-based program provides information on alcohol’s effects on different parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal system, the skin, and the liver. It also contains information on differing effects on men and women, as well as information on alcohol and pregnancy. See: http://www.alac.org.nz/bodyeffects.aspx.

Capitaine de Soirée (France). – Drinking and Driving

Celui qui conduit, c’est celui qui ne boit pas (France). – Drinking and Driving

Drinkaware (U.K.) – Women and Alcohol

DrinkMeter (Australia). – Blood Alcohol Concentration Limits

Drive Straight and Designate (Ireland). – Drinking and Driving

Drug Rehab Guide (USA). The Drug Rehab Guide is a collaborative effort by addiction professionals to provide a one-stop online resource for the most common questions and concerns about finding, entering, and leaving a substance rehabilitation center. Offered by The Hills Treatment Center, based in Los Angeles, CA, the Guide can help individuals make educated decisions on treatment options, with information on family involvement, issues around specific substances (including alcohol), available treatment options, and financial and legal issues. See: http://www.thehillscenter.com/drug-rehab/

Educating within the Family (Chile). This program, initiated in 1999, is designed to help parents teach their children about responsible drinking. Created with the help of a committee of physicians and psychologists, the program includes free workshops in public schools aimed at parents of sixth-grade students (ages 11 to 13). This program fulfills a valuable preventive function by simulating open and respectful dialogue within the family, the most effective tool for encouraging healthy habits and avoiding risky behavior among adolescents. It complements the Ministry of Education’s programs oriented toward children and youth.

Ensuring Solutions to Alcohol Problems (USA). – Alcohol and the Workplace

EuroBob Campaigns (European Union). – Drinking and Driving

Family Matters (USA), – Alcohol and the Family

FAS Prevention Campaigns (South Africa). – Drinking and Pregnancy

FAS/FAE Information Service (Canada). – Drinking and Pregnancy

Fryspunkt/Stop When you’re Happy (Denmark). – Young People and Alcohol

GODA’s Visiting Teacher Program (Denmark). – Young People and Alcohol

Hardcore Drunk Driver Project (USA). – Drinking and Driving

If You Do Do Drink, Don’t Do Drunk (U.K.). – “Binge” Drinking

If You Drink, Don’t Open the Car (Czech Republic). – Drinking and Driving

Is Your Drinking Affecting Their Thinking? (Ireland). – Alcohol and the Family

Keepin' it REAL (Refuse, Explain, Avoid, Leave) (USA). – Young People and Alcohol

Lions-Quest Skills for Adolescence (International). – Life Skills

MAHIS “A Chance Is Inside You”: After Eighteen (Finland). – Legal Age Limits

Manaaki Tangata (New Zealand). – "At-risk" Populations

National Community Pharmacy Campaign (Australia). – "At-risk" Populations

Not Tonight (Greece). – Drinking and Driving

Pregnancy and Drinking: Your Questions Answered (Canada). – Drinking and Pregnancy

Programa un Conductor Cada Noche, PUCCN (Spain). – Drinking and Driving

Project ALERT (USA). The Project ALERT curriculum focuses on preventing teenagers from experimenting with drugs, alcohol, or tobacco. The project aims to achieve this goal by helping adolescents understand the consequences of using drugs and the benefits of being drug-free, teaching them how to resist internal and social pressures to engage in substance abuse behaviors, how to communicate with parents, and how to quit. The Project ALERT curriculum was developed and field-tested over a ten-year period by RAND, a think tank on drug policy. See: www.projectalert.com.

Ready or Not: Talking with Kids about Alcohol (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

Reducing Underage Drinking through Coalitions (USA). – Young People and Alcohol

Respect Alcohol, Respect Yourself (Ireland). – Young People and Alcohol

Responsible Fan (USA). – "At-risk " Populations

Responsible Serving of Alcohol, RSA (Ireland). – Responsible Hospitality

Safe and Vital Employees, SAVE (USA). – Alcohol and the Workplace

Si Toma, No Maneje, Hice la Promesa! (USA) - "At-risk" Populations

Stodder Med Stil/Hustler with Style (Denmark). – Drinking and Driving

Team Awareness (USA). – Alcohol and the Workplace

TEAM Training (USA). – Responsible Hospitality

The Blood Alcohol Educator, BAE (USA). – Blood Alcohol Concentration Limits

The Healthy Workplace (USA, Australia, and Canada). – Alcohol and the Workplace

The National Alcohol Campaign (Australia). – Young People and Alcohol

The Right Mix: Your Health and Alcohol (Australia). – "At-risk" Populations

The Southall Alcohol Advisory Service, SAAS (U.K.) – "At-risk" Populations

THINK B4 U BUY UNDER 18s DRINK (New Zealand). – Legal Age Limits

Soif de Vivre/Tirst for Life (France). This long-term educational campaign promotes responsible alcohol consumption and counters problem drinking through campus events, printed material, and a website targeting young people and education professionals. In local campaigns (e.g., in Le Havre), the cooperation between Enterprise & Prevention and Securite Routiere expanded the program’s focus areas. Most recently the campaign developed an interactive website containing information for designated drivers, strategies for reducing alcohol-related risks and handling alcohol emergencies, and an alcohol self-test. See: http://www.sf.soifdevivre.com.

Todavía no has terminado! (USA) – "At-risk" Populations

Urban Women Against Substance Abuse, UWASA (USA). – Women and Alcohol

Way Out (Netherlands). Way Out is targeted at high-school students, educating them about going out safely and drinking responsibly. It features a video to be shown in class, briefing papers for group discussion with parents, a newsletter, and a website. The program was developed in cooperation with the Dutch Ministries of Interior and Justice, the hospitality sector, and others. See: http://www.beke.nl/wayout/webout/index.html.

Working Solutions to Substance Abuse (USA). – Alcohol and the Workplace

You Be the Judge (Canada). You Be the Judge is a program for elementary schools that intends to explain alcohol’s physiological and psychological effects, strengthen healthy decision-making processes, postpone the initiation of drinking, and raise awareness about moderation. The program is the product of a partnership between EducAlcool and the Quebec Ministry of Education. See: http://www.educalcool.qc.ca/en/programs/you-be-the-judge/index.html.

Life Skills 

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Alcochoix+ (Canada). Alcochoix+ for Moderate Alcohol Consumption is a program for adults who would like to reduce their drinking and are not alcohol-dependent. The program is confidential and free (apart from a minimal cost for materials), lasts six weeks, and is available in three formats: group sessions, individual meetings, or autonomous. Key components of the program include: creating a clear picture of current drinking patterns, identifying circumstances and high-risk situations associated with the urge to drink, practicing strategies for controlling consumption, informing about the ill effects of problem drinking, and adopting strategies to maintain moderate consumption. Program participants are presented with clear goals, such as reducing their weekly drinking, respecting a daily limit, and planning for alcohol-free days. Sessions are lead by health and social service professionals in the Centres de Santé et des Services Sociaux, CLSC (nurses, psychologists, social workers, etc.). Most participants are heavy drinkers, aged between 30 and 55 years; over 80% of program graduates reported to still have control over their alcohol consumption one year after attending the course. See: http://www.educalcool.qc.ca/en/programs/alcochoix/index.html.

Alcohol 101® (USA). Alcohol 101® for high-school seniors (ages 17 to 18) is an interactive CD-ROM program with a companion Educator’s Guide; its goal is to prepare students to make informed choices about alcohol. By demonstrating the negative outcomes of bad decisions and by providing safe and healthy alternatives, Alcohol 101® encourages young people to maintain safety and control in situations involving alcohol. The program and its accompanying Educator’s Guide were developed through a partnership between the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) and The Century Council. It is based upon the nationally acclaimed Alcohol 101® program developed by the Council and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to reduce problem drinking on college campuses. See: http://alc101forhsseniors.com/main/about.html.

ARTON.NU/EIGHTEEN.NOW (Sweden). – Young People and Alcohol

Friendly PEERsuasion (USA). – Women and Alcohol

Horizon Lifestyle Education Project (South Africa). – Young People and Alcohol

Leefstijl voor Jongeren/Lifestyle for Young People (The Netherlands). This lifestyle/social skills program for schools (ages 12 to 18) teaches young people positive communication skills, strategies to resist negative pressures in the environment, and responsible decision-making. In 2003, 750 primary schools and 550 (out of 700) high schools nationwide applied the program, and 98% of participating teachers provided a positive response. See: www.stiva.nl.

Life Education Trust (New Zealand). The Life Education Trust seeks to give pre-school and primary and intermediate school children in New Zealand the knowledge and skills to make healthy decisions. Five major areas are emphasized: self-esteem, social relationships, body systems, food and nutrition, and substances (including alcohol). The program uses workbooks and brochures in English and Maori, videos, models, and puppets in its mobile classrooms traveling across the country. See: http://www.lifeeducation.org.nz/.

Lifeskills in Southern Africa (South Africa and Botswana). ICAP has engaged the education sector, local and international nongovernmental organizations, and the beverage alcohol industry in an ongoing program called “Growing Up.” This approach is designed to train primary school teachers to teach survival skills, or life skills, to schoolchildren in South Africa and Botswana. The approach has shown considerable success in changing behavior. See: www.icap.org/portals/0/download/all_pdfs/Other_Publications/lifeskills.pdf.

LifeSkills Training (USA). Developed in the 1970s, this program combats the underlying causes of substance use and consists of three major components: drug resistance skills enable young people to recognize and challenge common misconceptions about tobacco, alcohol, and other substances; personal self-management skills teach students how to examine their self-image and its effects on behavior, reduce stress and anxiety, and look at personal challenges in a positive light; and general social skills help students to communicate effectively and avoid misunderstandings. Studies testing the effectiveness of the LifeSkills program show that it can reduce the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use by as much as 87%. LifeSkills Training has also been shown to reduce violent and aggressive behavior. See: http://www.lifeskillstraining.com.

Lions-Quest Skills for Adolescence (International). This comprehensive positive youth development and prevention program is designed for school-wide and classroom implementation in grades six through eight (ages 10 to 14). It involves educators, parents, and community members and draws on five key components: classroom curriculum (ranging from a minimum 9-week, 40-lesson mini-course to a 3-year program of 102 lessons); parent and family involvement (through homework assignment, 4 parent meetings, and direct school activities); positive school climate; community involvement; and professional development (each implementer must attend an introductory 2- or 3-day workshop to receive program materials). Used in over 33 countries by more than 300,000 implementers, the campaign was first developed in 1985. SFA is currently in its fourth revised edition. Evaluations of Lion-Quest programs report an improvement in knowledge about the risks of alcohol and drug use and lower self-reporting rates of alcohol consumption and extreme drinking than in control schools. See, for example: http://www.lionsclubs.org.au/Lions-Quest/index.htm (an Australian site).

Project Venture (USA). – "At-risk "Populations

Sembrando Salud (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Skills for Life Centers (South Africa). This program was developed through cooperation between Diageo and the South African Department of Education’s Adult Education and Training Division. It is intended to bring relief to South Africa’s unemployed or “forgotten people” by offering courses on literacy, tourism, agricultural productivity, marketing, entrepreneurial skills, and life orientation basics. The centers and the program have been publicized to the broader community via radio broadcasts.

Storytelling for Empowerment Project (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Strengthening Families Program, SFP (International). This 14-session program is designed to prevent youth substance abuse and other negative behaviors, improve parenting skills, and strengthen family functioning through videos, role-playing, discussions, games, and family projects. Targeted at high-risk families, SFP can be delivered in schools, religious institutions, social service agencies, drug and alcohol treatment centers, and other community organizations. Young people attending the program had significantly lower rates of alcohol abuse and other problem behavior compared to control groups; this difference increased over time. See: http://www.strengtheningfamiliesprogram.org/.

Strengthening Hawaii Families (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

WHO Lifeskills Education Framework (International). The World Health Organization has developed a framework for introducing lifeskills education to promote health of adolescents. Although initiated in the South-East Asia Region, this framework contains tools applicable elsewhere. The aim is to show how lifeskills programs can be designed to address multiple social, health, and education needs. An important part of this framework is training sessions for educators who work with young people from a variety of backgrounds—for example, one of the training modules focuses on methods for educating street children about substance abuse, sexual and reproductive health, and livelihood skills. See: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/searo/2001/SEA_he_182.pdf.

Your Life: Your Choice (Canada). The goal of this website is to improve the quality and breadth of prevention education in Canadian schools by targeting attitudes toward alcohol and teaching skills to minimize potential harm. The site contains sections for students (aged 13 to 14 years, in particular), teachers, and parents, as well as an Information Resource Centre and a Gallery for comments and feedback. See: http://www.2learn.ca/currlinks/health/e/MainMenu/.

Social Norms Marketing 

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A Matter of Degree (USA). – Alcohol Education

Bimonthly Educational Seminars (Mexico). – Alcohol Education

Changing the Culture of Alcohol Use in New South Wales (Australia). This program was developed as a follow-up to the 2003 summit on alcohol abuse. Its goal is to trigger a positive change in Australia’s drinking culture through educating communities and families about the risks of problem drinking and partnerships among the government (local, state, and commonwealth), alcohol industry, NGOs, the media, sports and youth organizations, and community leaders. See: http://www.alcoholinfo.nsw.gov.au/response/key_initiatives.

Social Norms Marketing campaigns, SNM (USA). SNM campaigns, implemented in a number of colleges and universities in the United States, use commercial advertising techniques to correct the misperceptions of peer drinking. SNM campaigns can target either the general campus population or particular high-risk groups within it (e.g., sorority and fraternity members, student athletes, young people living in dormitories, first-year students, and others). U.S. Department of Education lists five key steps for developing an SNM campaign: “(1) conduct a survey to determine the frequency and quantity of [alcohol and drug] use among students on campus and their perception of other students’ use; (2) based on existing data, create a social norms marketing campaign to correct misperceptions about norms on campus; (3) market the campaign through a variety of campus and community media; (4) conduct reinforcement activities, such as awards for posting materials or remembering the message; (5) evaluate the campaign to see if it resonates with students, if it’s correcting norms, or if it needs to be modified.” Well-designed SNM campaigns have been successful in significantly reducing the prevalence of extreme drinking and related health and social problems among students. See: http://www.higheredcenter.org/environmental-management/change/normative/social-norms and http://www.studentlifeeducation.com/.

Social Norming: Just the Facts (USA). At Washington University, the “Just the Facts” campaign, unveiled in August 2004, includes a website, 300 posters, advertisements in the student newspaper, and public service announcements. The university is among 32 colleges and universities selected to participate in a five-year national study on the social norms approach. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the U.S. Department of Education are funding the Social Norms Research Project. See: http://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov and http://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/facts/.

Un Dedo De Espuma, Dos Dedos De Frente/A Thick Head On Your Beer But Not on Your Shoulders (Spain). This social awareness campaign aims to persuade young people to drink beer moderately, emphasizing the psychosocial benefits of responsible consumption. Posters on beer, health, and positive social interaction are displayed in nearly 15,000 Spanish bars. At the inception of the campaign, established designers produced the campaign materials, but, since 2003, competitions for the best poster and audiovisual submission are held among students. In 2006, more than 462,500 copies of the winning poster were distributed to bars, clubs, and universities (including as postcards). The winning audiovisual spot was shown in 2,870 movie theaters. The campaign is run in partnership by the Ministry of Agriculture, Cerveceros de España, Spanish Hotel Management and Restaurant Federation (FEHR), and the Consumers and Users Union (USE). See: http://www.undedodeespuma.es/.

Responsible Hospitality

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Alcohol: Go Easy (Australia) This state-based campaign focuses on responsible provision and consumption of alcohol in specific drinking settings. Its main goals are: to encourage responsible service of alcohol; to increase community awareness about the harms associated with problem drinking and strategies to moderate alcohol intake; and to broaden opportunities for community development and participation in alcohol harm reduction. The campaign targets sports, recreation, and arts settings; liquor licensees; and young people. Participating organizations work with the Alcohol: Go Easy campaign to create or increase healthy environments for their members. The following strategies have been implemented, among others: staff training in responsible alcohol service; enforcement of dry areas within and around establishments; provision of free drinking water and free phone access; development of specific guidelines for dealing with intoxicated customers; and education materials for patrons on low-risk drinking. The project has increased responsible service of alcohol in over 90% of the establishments implementing the campaign; licensees who have worked with the campaign have stated that there has been no evidence of a decrease in bar revenue following the implementation of the program; a significant majority of patrons at events recognize Alcohol: Go Easy as a message about drinking in moderation. See: http://www.alcohol.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=86 .

Burnley against Nighttime Disorder, BAND (U.K.). – Drinking and Violence

Eerst denken, dan schenken/Think before you serve (the Netherlands). This training video is intended for anyone who serves beverage alcohol on a professional basis. Through enacting common situations in the catering industry, it shows how the use of alcohol can be limited whenever it is not desired or its consumption is irresponsible. Based on the regulations stipulated by the Licensing and Catering Act, the video gives detailed instructions on preventing alcohol abuse, refusing intoxicated patrons admission to the premises, refusing service to underage young people, dealing with “rondjes” (round-buying), preventing alcohol-impaired driving, and supervising the compliance with laws. The video was produced under the authority of the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports and organizations associated with SVH, the Dutch Hospitality Education Institute. See: http://www.svh.nl/.

Good Sport (International). Good Sport is a communications, training, and fan management program designed to help stadium operators, sports team owners, and concessionaires to promote a positive crowd environment. The program can be adapted to street festivals, music concerts, and other special events that attract large crowds. Good Sport has been used to develop successful fan-responsibility and event-management campaigns for international sporting events, including the Olympics and the World Cup games. See: www.beeresponsible.com.

Liverpool Crystal Clear campaign (U.K.). – Drinking and Violence

No Worries (Australia). – Drinking and Violence

Respect 21 Responsible Retailing program (USA). – Legal Age Limits

Responsible Serving of Alcohol, RSA (Ireland). RSA is a training program for bar managers/owners and their staff that aims to provide the knowledge and awareness necessary to serve alcohol responsibly in licensed premises in Ireland. Program components include a training workshop, supporting materials, and information on good practice. Since 2003, the delivery of the program is coordinated by CERT, now Fáilte Ireland, the national body responsible for training and development in the Irish tourism and hospitality industry. Hotel and club servers, as well as bar servers, now receive the program through Fáilte Ireland. Between March and December 2003, 1300 servers were trained (in 2002, this number was 500). See: http://www.meas.ie/page.php?intPageID=125.

Responsible Service of Alcohol: A Server’s Guide and Responsible Service of Alcohol: A Trainer’s Guide. (International). The two guides offer good practice advice on responsible hospitality issues and can be used for server training programs in bars, clubs, or restaurants—as well as in the retail, hotel, and tourism industries generally. The two guides were developed by the Alcohol Focus Scotland (AFS) and underwent extensive peer review by experts and organizations active in responsible hospitality programs. ICAP and the European Forum for Responsible Drinking (EFRD) piloted the guides in Hungary. The final documents reflect feedback from the pilot sessions and are suitable for adaptation in different countries and professional contexts. Plans for future implementation are currently being developed; French, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, and Thai translations are available. See: http://www.icap.org/Education/EducatingProfessionals/ResponsibleHospitality/tabid/270/Default.aspx.

TEAM Training (USA). This program trains employees who serve alcohol in stadium and entertainment facilities. The declared goal of the initiative is “to reduce alcohol-related injuries and fatalities in and around public assembly facilities and on the nation’s roadways by promoting the responsible sale, service, and consumption of alcohol.” In 2007, 26,000 alcohol servers received TEAM Training. See: http://www.teamcoalition.org/training/training.asp.

TIPS – Training for Intervention Procedures (USA). TIPS is a dynamic, skills-based training program designed to prevent intoxication, alcohol-impaired driving, and underage drinking by enhancing the fundamental “people skills” of servers, sellers, and consumers of alcohol. TIPS gives individuals the knowledge and confidence they need to recognize potential alcohol-related problems and intervene to prevent alcohol-related tragedies. Over 2 million individuals have received the training; third-party evaluations found the program effective in reaching its objectives. See: http://www.gettips.com/.

Drinking and Violence 

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Across Ages (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Burnley against Nighttime Disorder, BAND (U.K.). Established in November 2000, BAND was launched in an attempt “to reduce alcohol-related crime, violence, disorder and quarrelsome behavior” in Burnley city center through a partnership involving Burnley Borough Council (a local licensing authority), the police, licensees, taxi firms, and other community actors. After an extensive assessment of the existing needs and priorities, key elements of the scheme included an establishment of a dedicated police team who worked closely with licensees and door staff, banning of offenders from all drinking establishments in the city center, and regular enforcement of licensing laws. According to a Home Office evaluation of BAND, more people are coming to the city center entertainment areas following the program implementation, signaling a change in general perception of the Burnley as a dangerous place; the severity of reported incidents diminished, and the ties among the stakeholders involved in the scheme became closer and more positive. See: http://www.burnley.gov.uk/site/scripts/news_article.php?newsID=11224 and www.popcenter.org/library/awards/tilley/2002/02-22(W-p).pdf.

City Safe (U.K.). – Public Order and Drinking Environments

Liverpool Crystal Clear campaign (U.K.). This project aimed to reduce the number of violent incidents where glass is used as a weapon. The police confiscated glass bottles and containers in public places, special bins were provided for glass bottles around the city, licensed premises were required to collect all glass bottles from patrons before they left the establishment (as a condition of maintaining the license), and public awareness campaigns throughout the city addressed potential dangers of incorrectly discarded glass. A number of actors took part in the initiative, including the Liverpool Health Authority, the police, Licensed Retailers Association, several brewers, and local businesses. The campaign succeeded in raising public awareness of the issue and led to a reduction in the number of violent glass injuries. See: http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/toolkits/fa030204b.htm.

Nelson Police Youth Referral Project (New Zealand). This early intervention project sought to reduce alcohol and drug problems among young recidivist offenders, thereby lowering the likelihood of problems later in life. The program targeted young offenders who were intoxicated to any degree at the time of their arrest or who were arrested on drug-related charges, and aimed to help them identify any role that alcohol or drugs may be playing in their offending. The referral process began when a young person was arrested; the liquor-licensing sergeant took referrals to the Nelson Alcohol and Drug Service who then mailed out a letter to this youth explaining the project and offering an appointment. Young people who chose to attend had a 30- to 60-minute meeting with a counselor, with an opportunity for further appointments if desired. According to an evaluation conducted by the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC), of the 580 young people who were sent referral letters, 41% attended at least one appointment. The evaluation showed the key success factors have been the support of the individuals involved and the relationship of these people with the Police and the Alcohol and Drug Service. See: http://www.alac.org.nz.

NightCare (Australia). – Public Order and Drinking Environments

Queensland Safety Action Projects (Australia). – Public Order and Drinking Environments

Respect Alcohol, Respect Yourself (Ireland). – Young People and Alcohol

Responsible Serving of Alcohol, RSA (Ireland). – Responsible Hospitality

Security in Design (U.K.). – Responsible Hospitality

Public Order and Drinking Environments

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City Safe (U.K.). City Safe scheme is a community public safety initiative, launched in 2000 in Manchester. It aims to reduce alcohol-related crime, disorder, and antisocial behavior, both inside licensed premises and in public spaces. Driven by Greater Manchester Police, the scheme involves a variety of local actors and has four main goals: “1) to reduce the number of alcohol-related assaults and injuries; 2) to work in partnership with the licensed trade to improve the management of licensed premises; 3) to promote the provision of safe drinking; and 4) to reduce perceptions of drunkenness, rowdiness and disorder in the night-time economy” (see www.citycentresafe.com). The many components of City Safe include, for example, improved taxi and bus services, regular structured visits to licensed premises by licensing enforcement team, and Best Bar None Awards Scheme, which offers accreditation to licensed drinking establishments with a high standard of safety and customer care. According to the UK Home Office, City Safe “has been successful in halting the rise in violent crime.” See: http://www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/alcoholorders/alcoholorders07.htm and www.citycentresafe.com.

Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol, CMCA (USA). CMCA is a community intervention designed to reduce teen access to alcohol by changing local policies and practices. It seeks to bolster enforcement of licensing laws and influence societal norms to make underage drinking unacceptable. See: www.modelprograms.samhsa.gov/pdfs/model/Cmca.pdf.

NightCare (Australia). This program was designed to tackle crime and alcohol misuse and in turn create a safer environment for Newcastle residents. Volunteer-operated barbeque stands, established at the sites identified as problematic (e.g., Civic Park, the shopping area, Nobby’s Beach, etc.), are the key component of the program. Volunteers give out free refreshments to people walking by from 11PM to 3AM and, when appropriate, provide an informal counseling and referral service for alcohol or drug problems. In the first six months of the project, 528 volunteers assisted in the barbeque stands operation; 19,521 people visited the sites; 1,171 informal alcohol and substance misuse counseling sessions were conducted; and 124 referrals to counseling and welfare services were issued. Community police has reported reductions in street assaults and general delinquency in the areas around the barbeque stands.

PubWatch (U.K.). Supported by the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA), PubWatch aims to achieve safe, secure, and social drinking environments in licensed premises across the UK, helping to reduce drink-related crime. It is run by licensees and provides an excellent forum for an exchange in information and promotion of good practice and working relationships with local enforcement agencies. See: http://www.beerandpub.com/.

Queensland Safety Action Projects (Australia). The Queensland Safety Action Projects are multi-component public safety initiatives that combine formal regulation and law enforcement at the state level, informal controls and persuasion at the local level (mobilizing the community sector), and self- and peer regulation by retailers and industry associations. These projects began in Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia, in 1994 as a response to the community’s growing disenchantment with the increasing loss of amenity occasioned by drunkenness and violence in the central business district, which was also the nightclub precinct. The aim was to reduce violence in and around the nightclubs by identifying and addressing all major contributing factors and engaging a variety of community actors. The Surfers Paradise model was replicated in other cities. Evaluation of several Safety Action Projects reported a decline in all forms of aggression and violence within drinking venues and a decrease in most types of street offenses. For a review of the Surfers Paradise projects and replication projects in other Australian cities, see: http://www.popcenter.org/Problems/Supplemental_Material/assaults/ti101.pdf.

Drunkenness 

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Changing the Culture of Alcohol Use in New South Whales (Australia). – Social Norms Marketing

If You Do Do Drink, Don‘t Do Drunk (U.K.). – “Binge” Drinking

Queensland Safety Action Projects (Australia) – Public Order and Drinking Environment

The National Alcohol Campaign (Australia) – Young People and Alcohol

"Binge" Drinking

2f3m4 (USA). – Standard Drinks

Alcohol Screening Self-test and Resources (USA). – Standard Drinks

Alcohol: Go Easy (Australia). – Responsible Hospitality

BASICS (USA). – Early Identification and Brief Intervention

Border Binge Reduction Program (Mexico, USA). A multilevel, community-based intervention aimed at reducing alcohol-related trauma caused by cross-border (U.S.-Mexico) binge and underage drinking by young Americans (especially, aged 24 and below). Key elements of the program include: surveys of young pedestrians and motorists crossing the U.S. border and anonymous BAC breath tests; media advocacy using area news media to give high visibility to law enforcement operations at the border, promote public debate, and generate support for change within border communities; direct interventions such as turning back unaccompanied minors at the border, special border sobriety and ID checkpoints, and requiring special permits for military personnel to cross the border; indirect interventions including responsible hospitality training of bar owners in Mexico, training for detecting false identifications, banning alcohol promotions on the exterior of the bars, and long-range policy changes on both sides of the border, such as closing bars earlier and the restricting of alcohol advertising targeted at minors. Evaluation of the San Diego-Tijuana Border Project between 1997 and 1999 showed a 29% reduction in pedestrians returning with BAC over 0.08, and a 40% reduction in pedestrians under 21 returning to the U.S. with measurable BAC. See: http://www.pire.org/topiclist1.asp?id=1.

Drinkaware (U.K.). – Women and Alcohol

DrinkCheck (New Zealand). – Early Identification and Brief Intervention

Drinking Games Can Be Deadly (Québec, Canada). The goal of this campaign is to increase awareness among college and university students about the dangers of drinking games. The campaign was launched in August 2004 by EducAlcool, working together with the Régie des Alcools, des Courses et des Jeux (RACJ), timed to coincide with the back-to-school period when many students engage in drinking games organized by bars, various groups on campus, or friends. Informational tools include posters, awareness brochure, and TV, radio, and newspaper ads. All universities and colleges in Québec agreed to participate in the poster campaign and distributed the brochure to all of their students. The campaign is dedicated to a young man who died from alcohol poisoning in 2001, and his name and story are featured on the posters. The brochure explains the danger of drinking games at various intoxication levels, educates students about the significance of blood alcohol concentration measure, and provides information on how to resist peer pressure, how to stop or prevent an impromptu drinking contest, and how to help somebody with severe intoxication. In addition, RACJ sends letters to all licensees about the penalties for organizing a drinking contest (up to license suspension). Results of the program indicate a decrease in the number of drinking game parties among students and a general turnover in the perception of the subject. See: http://www.educalcool.qc.ca/en/publications/drinking-games-can-be-deadly/index.html.

DrinkMeter (Australia). – Blood Alcohol Concentration Limits

Hardcore Drunk Driver Project (USA). – Drinking and Driving

How Much Alcohol Does Your Drink Have? (Australia). – Standard Drinks

Less is More, It’s Your Choice (Ireland). – Standard Drinks

Living Responsibly on Campus (South Africa). This campaign encourages moderate drinking among students on university campuses and aims to minimize the instances of extreme or “binge” consumption. It was launched in partnership by SABMiller, university authorities, student organizations, and faculty members. Three educational channels are used: (1) posters positioned in permanent pubs on campuses; (2) banners with taxi information displayed during the orientation week events and subsequent events, encouraging drinkers not to drive drunk; and (3) disposable breathalyzers carrying a responsibility message, given out at various events and sold at student pubs. To complement the educational campaign, alcohol-selling establishments are urged to also sell food and soft drinks and avoid discounts that may lead to excessive drinking.

Respect Alcohol, Respect Yourself (Ireland). – Young People and Alcohol

Standard Drinks Website and Calculator (Ireland). – Standard Drinks

The National Alcohol Campaign (Australia). – Young People and Alcohol

Un Dedo De Espuma, Dos Dedos De Frente/A Thick Head On Your Beer But Not on Your Shoulders (Spain). – Social Norms Marketing

 "At-risk" Populations 

Top Of Page

 Across Ages (USA). This mentoring initiative matches young people aged 9 to 15 with older adults (all mentors are aged over 55). The twin goals of the program are: to increase the protective factors for high-risk youths, which would help prevent, reduce, or delay the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs and the associated problems; and to help older volunteers feel more productive, experience a greater sense of purpose, and regain a central role in their communities. Key elements of Across Ages include: mentoring (minimum two hours a week of one-on-one contact; mentors receive 8- to 10-hour training); community service (1-2 hours per week); social competence training (26 weekly lessons of 45 minutes each); and family activities (monthly weekend events for young people, families, and mentors) to build the participants’ sense of personal responsibility for self and the community. Young people remain in the program for a minimum of one year. Across Ages has been adapted for Native American, Caucasian, Hispanic, and African American adolescents living in urban, suburban, and rural settings. Materials are available in English and Spanish. Across Ages can be implemented as a school-based or an afterschool program. See: http://templecil.org/ and http://modelprograms.samhsa.gov/pdfs/model/AcrossAges.pdf.

Athletes Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids, ATLAS (USA). This multi-component school-based program for male high school athletes (aged 13 to 19 years) capitalizes on team-centered dynamics and uses positive peer pressure and role modeling to reduce the use of anabolic steroids, alcohol and drugs, and performance-enhancing supplements. Instruction is led by student athlete peers and facilitated by coaches. The 10-session curriculum is highly scripted and contains a range of interactive entertainment activities (e.g., role-playing, educational games, creation of mock public service campaigns, and competition between squads). Focus is on potential immediate consequences of substance use. Supporting materials include: team workbooks, sports menus, and training guides. ATLAS has been implemented in urban and rural schools with participants from diverse racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), “…new substance use decreased 50%” and the occurrence of alcohol-impaired driving decreased by 24% as the result of ATLAS. See: http://www.ohsu.edu/hpsm/atlas.cfm.

Border Binge Reduction Program (Mexico, USA). – "Binge" Drinking

Keepin' it REAL (Refuse, Explain, Avoid, Leave) (USA). – Young People and Alcohol

Manaaki Tangata (New Zealand). Guidelines for safe drinking were developed specifically for the Maori and other Native communities by the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC). These guides may be incorporated into the school health curriculum and provide sections on developing an alcohol policy as a learning project for students. ALAC also provides sponsorship for Maori-run events that employ the Manaaki Tangata approach (for Maori by Maori). See: http://www.alac.org.nz/UnlicensedContent.aspx?PostingID=576 and http://www.alac.org.nz/FileLinks/576_MTGuidelines.b93e0515.pdf.

Project Link (USA). – Drinking and Pregnancy

Project Venture (USA). This year-round prevention program is comprised of a set of key components adapted for high-risk Native American young people in tribal, alternative, and public schools. Major strategies include: summer skill-building leadership camps and outdoor adventure activities, followed by school- and community-based programs and training opportunities for young people, parents, school staff, and service providers. All activities and strategies are chosen because they connect with traditional Native cultural activities and cater to appropriate learning styles of the target population. Project Venture has been replicated in 30 communities in Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Montana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Consistent program impact on delaying onset of and/or reducing current use of alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and other substances was demonstrated. See: http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/programfulldetails.asp?PROGRAM_ID=144 and www.niylp.org.

Ready or Not: Talking with Kids About Alcohol (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

Responsible Fan (USA). This program encourages sports fans to consume alcohol responsibly and use designated drivers. Key elements of the initiative include: public service announcements, posters, information cards, and interactive online games. Responsible Fan is developed and implemented by the Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management (TEAM), which consists of the Major League Baseball, the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, ARAMARK Corporation, the Beer Institute, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Miller Brewing Company, Coors Brewing Company, the International Association of Assembly Managers, the National Association of Broadcasters, Health Communications, Inc., and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. See: http://www.teamcoalition.org/faneducation/faneducation.asp.

Sembrando Salud (USA). This tobacco and alcohol use prevention program was specifically adapted for migrant Hispanic adolescents (aged 11 to 16 years) and their families (the participants are identified through the Migrant Education Program in San Diego County). It is designed to improve parent-child communication skills as a way of improving and maintaining healthy youth decision-making. Sembrando Salud contains school and family curricula, delivered by bilingual/bicultural college students. The sessions focus on: listening skills; communication skills; health effects of drinking, smoking, and peer pressure; societal, media, and adult influences; and effective refusal skills. Presentation methods for the core content of each session vary, including group leader-led discussions, videos, demonstrations, skill practice, and role playing. The program requires that adolescents attend eight weekly 2-hour sessions and parents attend three sessions jointly with their children. See: http://modelprograms.samhsa.gov/effective.htm.

Si Toma, No Maneje, Hice la Promesa!/If You Drink, Don't Drive (USA). Funded by the Century Council, this is the first national comprehensive effort to provide culturally sensitive educational material on alcohol-impaired driving and underage drinking to the Hispanic Community, in Spanish. The program was delivered through the media campaign, advertising and public relations events, and supporting educational materials distributed to civic groups, churches, schools, and alcohol retailers, especially in Hispanic communities. The Program's designated driver pledge, “Hice la Promesa!/ I Made a Pledge!” encourages adults not to drink and drive and prevent friends and family from doing so. See: http://www.centurycouncil.org/.

Skills for Life Centers (South Africa). – Life Skills

Storytelling for Empowerment Project (USA). This school-based prevention program is designed for club and classroom settings and uses the culture-sensitive storytelling approach to decrease the incidence of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use among high-risk young people by identifying and reducing key risk factors in individuals, families, schools, peer groups, neighborhoods, and the broader community. The target populations are Native American middle school students living on a rural Indian Nation and Latino-Latina middle school youth living in urban settings. The main supporting materials for project include: the Storytelling PowerBook (a 27-lesson activity book), accompanied by a detailed Facilitator’s Guide. It is recommended that the program is implement within 3 months during the school year. See: www.wheelcouncil.org and http://modelprograms.samhsa.gov/promising.htm.

Strengthening Hawaii Families, SHF (USA). Based on the Strengthening Families Program (see Life Skills), this culturally relevant, family-focused prevention program targets Pacific Island and Asian youth (aged 8 to 11 years) and their parents. The goal of the initiative is to prevent young people’s substance abuse and related problems by improving family relationships and functioning, parenting skills, and children’s social skills. Presented in 14 consecutive weekly sessions, each lasting two and a half hours, the program relies on three key components: a parent skills training program, a children’s skills training program, and a family skills training program. Facilitators from the community work with the families to cover the following topics: maintaining good health and wellness, including substance abuse prevention; exploring and practicing family values; developing a united family vision; ensuring cultural and generational continuity; goal-setting; strengthening personal and family resilience; developing effective communication strategies, decision-making, problem-solving, and limit-setting; anger management; and allotting ohana (family) time. Preliminary analyses of SHF-related outcomes reveal significant reductions in family conflict, as well as improvements in family cohesion, organization, and communication. See: http://www.drugfreehawaii.org/.

The Right Mix: Your Health and Alcohol (Australia) This health promotion package was developed in partnership by the Australian Government and the veteran community. The goal of the initiative is to “create opportunities to reduce alcohol-related harm [among veterans] and ensure that alcohol and related problems are addressed in an integrated way with other physical and mental health conditions and encompass prevention, early intervention, treatment and relapse prevention.” The centerpiece of the project is the website (www.therightmix.gov.au) that provides information about health, alcohol, and standard drinks; allows self-assessment of drinking; and provides a guide to low-risk alcohol consumption. The website also offers referrals to substance use counseling, help lines, and other resources useful for the veteran community. Additional components of the project are: an online newsletter, print materials, and a number of activities for the veterans to increase awareness of The Right Mix and to promote its integration in the work of the Department of Veterans’ Affairs and the Vietnam Veterans’ Counseling Service. See: www.therightmix.gov.au and http://www.dva.gov.au/health/younger/mhealth/alcohol/index.htm.

The Southall Alcohol Advisory Service, SAAS (U.K.). This program seeks to meet the needs of ethnic minority clients and offers information, advice, and counseling to problem drinkers and their families. It also provides education on alcohol and its effects.

Todavía no has terminado! (USA). This program is targeted at Hispanic communities, using materials designed to encourage parents of incoming college freshmen to discuss college drinking with their children before they leave home. Created with input from educators, alcohol policy administrators, and other higher education professionals, brochures of “Todavía no has terminado!” have been distributed to over 1,300 colleges and universities. See: http://www.centurycouncil.org/.

Women and Alcohol 

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Friendly PEERsuasion (USA). Friendly PEERsuasion is a substance abuse prevention program based on the social influence and life skills models of prevention. It is designed to help girls aged 11 to 14 to acquire knowledge, skills, and support systems to avoid substance abuse. Underlying Friendly PEERsuasion is the theory that girls who are prepared to teach other children not to use substances would be less at risk of using these substances themselves. In the first phase of the program, middle school girls participate in 14 biweekly, hour-long sessions facilitated by a trained adult leader. Through hands-on, interactive activities such as games and group discussions, they learn about the short- and long-term effects of substance abuse, learn healthy ways to manage stress, practice skills for making responsible decisions about licit and illicit drug use, and prepare to become peer leaders. After completing this phase, girls are certified as “PEERsuaders.” In the second phase of the program, small teams of PEERsuaders plan and implement 8 to 10 half-hour sessions of substance abuse prevention activities for children aged 6 to 10. The program significantly reduced the incidence of drinking among participants and delayed the onset of alcohol debut among girls who had not yet tried alcohol. PEERsuaders demonstrated improved leadership skills, stress-reducing skills, and communication skills. They also were less likely to have favorable attitudes toward drinking, and were more likely to leave gatherings where people were drinking alcohol than their peers outside of the program. The intervention led participants to disengage from peers who smoked or took drugs. See: http://www.girlsinc.org/ic/page.php?id=1.2.4.

Girl Talk (USA). This interactive website provides information to teenaged girls and their parents on alcohol-related choices and their consequences for underage drinkers. The program often runs promotions on special topics and holds contests. The site also includes a “Virtual Girl,” illustrating the effects of alcohol on the body. See: http://grltlk.org/.

Project Link (USA). – Drinking and Pregnancy

Urban Women Against Substance Abuse, UWASA (USA). The Institute for Community Research, which builds research partnerships on community initiatives, created this school-based program that targets Puerto Rican, Latina, and African American and Caribbean American girls (aged 9 to 12) and their female caregivers. It employs a self-development curriculum that teaches girls to build cultural and gender identity; provides information about alcohol, tobacco and other substances; increases HIV/AIDS awareness; and reviews career options. Evaluations of UWASA revealed the success of this program in achieving a positive and significant effect on HIV/AIDS knowledge. Furthermore, treated girls appeared to maintain substance use attitudes as healthy as those observed at baseline. See: www.incommunityresearch.com/programs/products.htm.

Women, Noncommercial Alcohol, and HIV (Kenya). – HIV/AIDS Risks and Drinking Patterns

 Drinking and Pregnancy 

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Body Effects (New Zealand). – Alcohol Education

Entreprise & Prévention (E&P) Experimental Campaign about Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (France). With the objective of promoting dialogue between women and their medical practitioners about alcohol consumption, this program used leaflets and posters for waiting-rooms and a guide for medical staff. It was set up in partnership with the city of Le Havre, Normandy, and ran from June to December 2006.

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Poster Campaign (South Africa). This campaign, initiated in 2004, uses posters aimed at at-risk women, warning them about the dangers of drinking while pregnant. This project was undertaken in partnership by the Foundation for Alcohol Related Research (FARR) and the Department of Health/Provincial Departments of Health.

“Motherisk” Alcohol and Substance Use Helpline (Canada). Since 1999, Motherisk has operated a toll-free national access helpline for women, their families, and their healthcare providers (and now also operates a website). Their information provides answers to questions regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding, including consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. The effort is sponsored by the University of Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children. See: http://www.motherisk.org/women/index.jsp.

Pregnancy and Drinking: Your Questions Answered (Canada). This informational booklet aims to offer clear and concise answers to the most common questions asked by women who are pregnant or planning to have children. The booklet is continuously revised and updated and is also available online. See: http://www.educalcool.qc.ca/en/publications/pregnancy-and-drinking/index.html.

Project Link (USA). This hospital-based program offers individualized clinical and case management services, focusing on substance abuse treatment, crisis intervention, and counseling. The goal is to integrate specialized substance abuse services into the maternal-child health system at Women and Infants Hospital. Clinical services include: substance abuse assessment, crisis intervention, comprehensive psychosocial assessment, individual therapy, group therapy, child and family therapy, toxicology screening, and referral to ancillary services. Case management services include: home visits, parenting assessment, parenting education, monitoring of pediatric visits, HIV/AIDS education, and literacy tutoring. An evaluation conducted by the National Perinatal Information Center (NPIC) notes that “the program was successful in improving the birth outcomes of infants born to women who enroll in the program during pregnancy. Data reveal that women were highly satisfied with Project Link. They noted the following: improved parenting practice, strong participation and availability during home visits, and increased use of services and follow-up with referrals.” See: http://www.dsgonline.com/WebEffects/dhtml_slide_tree/TitleV_MPG_Table_Ind_Rec.asp?ID=173.

Young People and Alcohol

Top Of Page

100% Cool (Portugal). – Drinking and Driving

1-888-UNDER 21 Hotline (USA). – Legal Age Limits

A Matter of Degree, AMOD (USA). – Alcohol Education

Across Ages (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Alba Project (Spain). This project has two main goals: to delay alcohol debut among those students who have not yet been exposed to alcohol and to eradicate underage consumption among individuals who already began drinking. Its components include annual qualitative and quantitative sociological study and an educational materials (Teacher’s Guide, a Student’s Guide, a Family Guide, and a discussion kit for students). Project evaluations show that 53% of the targeted group have changed their drinking patterns after being exposed to the campaign. See: http://www.alcoholysociedad.org/ing/index.php.

Alcohol 101® (USA). – Life Skills

Alcohol Doesn’t Make You Adult (Romania). This campaign, implemented in secondary schools through the participation of over 1, 500 teachers, is designed to combat alcohol consumption among teenagers. Due to its success, this campaign is being expanded and continued at national level. See: http://www.berariiromaniei.ro/en/media-center-csr.html.

Alcohol: Go Easy (Australia). – Responsible Hospitality

Are You Doing Your Part? Back to School Campaign (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

ARTON.NU/EIGHTEEN.NOW (Sweden). This initiative focuses on lifestyle and wellbeing of young Swedes. The project began in 2000 with a goal of reducing excessive alcohol consumption among this population. Initially, a magazine produced by young people of the Berghs School of Communication was distributed to all 18-year-olds across Sweden. The magazine challenged young people to think about their and their peers’ alcohol consumption and discuss the subject on the website www.arton.nu. Since the program’s inception, the website has been maintained by young people aged 18 to 21 and is now the forum for various reports, news, and lively public discussions on many topics relevant to young Swedes, including but not limited to alcohol.

Athletes Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids, ATLAS (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

BASICS (USA). – Early Identification and Brief Intervention

Border Binge Reduction Program (Mexico, USA). – “Binge” Drinking

Capitaine de Soirée (France). – Drinking and Driving

Celui qui conduit, c'est celui qui ne boit pas (France). – Drinking and Driving

Cops in Shops (USA). – Legal Age Limits

Family Matters (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

Family Talk About Drinking (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

Fryspunkt/Stop When you’re Happy (Denmark). Fryspunkt is a web-based educational program that focuses on the motivations behind young people’s alcohol consumption. It targets adolescents aged 16 to 20 years and seeks to reduce the potential risks from drinking at parties. The program is being used by several counties and councils in Denmark. See: http://www.fryspunkt.dk.

Girl Talk (USA). – Women and Alcohol

GODA’s Visiting Teacher Program (Denmark). This initiative was developed by GODA, a Danish social aspects organization, and implemented in the Danish municipal secondary schools. The program provided informational sessions for students in 7th and 8th grades, delivered by young trainees aged 19 to 28. The sessions addressed such issues as how to behave responsibly at parties where alcohol is present and how to speak about alcohol with friends and family. Apart from class presentations, teaching materials and booklets supported the program’s message. An evaluation revealed that 89% of students exposed to the program found it “informative,” 52% changed their attitude to alcohol, and 91% were inspired to discuss the subjects raised at the sessions with friends, parents, and other adults. See: www.goda.dk.

Good Idea, Bad Idea (South Africa). – Legal Age Limits

Is Your Drinking Affecting Their Thinking? (Ireland). – Alcohol and the Family

Keepin’ it REAL (Refuse, Explain, Avoid, Leave) (USA). This is a school-based prevention program for young people aged 10 to 17 years. Participants are taught how to avoid substance use through practical, easy to remember and use strategies that are embodied in the acronym REAL (Refuse, Explain, Avoid, Leave). The program teaches communication and life skills to combat negative peer and other influences by using a culturally-based narrative and performance framework. It consists of ten 45- to 50-minute lessons. The key learning tool is a series of videos produced by young people, based on actual student experiences. The videos demonstrate how students can use REAL strategies to resist substance use in real-life situations. Distinct multicultural and minority (e.g., Mexican American, African American) versions of the program were developed, so that participants can recognize themselves in the prevention messages and can relate to the proposed solutions. All implementation materials are available in English and the regional Spanish most commonly spoken in the Southwest United States and Northern Mexico. Worksheets, games, role-play scenarios, and discussion and homework materials are also used. One monthly booster session during the 8 months after completing the classroom-based intervention is recommended. In some communities, the program’s message is reinforced through television and radio public service announcements and billboards. See: http://keepinitreal.asu.edu.

Know What’s In It? (U.K.). – Standard Drinks

Leefstijl voor Jongeren/Lifestyle for Young People (the Netherlands). – Life Skills

Lions-Quest Skills for Adolescence (International). – Life Skills

LifeSkills Training (USA). – Life Skills

MAHIS “A Chance is Inside You”: After Eighteen (Finland). – Legal Age Limits

Measure Your Lifestyle (Romania). This program aims to encourage university students who can legally drink to do so responsibly, by teaching them how to enjoy themselves with moderation. The key messages are: (1) responsible alcohol consumption can be part of a healthy lifestyle; and (2) any excess can lead to health and social problems for individuals, their families, and the broader community. As part of the program, students participate in essay competitions to win health-oriented prizes (e.g., sports club memberships and trips to the mountains) and take part in debates moderated by well-known public health figures. The program was developed and implemented in partnership by URSUS Breweries, PRAIS Corporate Communications, student unions, and universities.

National Collegiate Alcohol Awareness Week, NCAAW (USA). This campaign to raise alcohol awareness among college students is held every October on more than 3,000 campuses nationwide. NCAAW provides schools with a launching pad for year-round prevention efforts. Scholarships are awarded each year to three exemplary campus alcohol-educational programs. See: http://www.bacchusgamma.org/ncaaw.asp.

Nelson Police Youth Referral Project (New Zealand). – Drinking and Violence

Not Tonight (Greece). – Drinking and Driving

Programa un conductor cada noche, PUCCN (Spain). – Drinking and Driving

Project ALERT (USA). – Alcohol Education

Project Sticker Shock (USA). – Legal Age Limits

Project Venture (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Ready or Not: Talking with Kids About Alcohol (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

Respect Alcohol, Respect Yourself Campaign (Ireland). This national awareness campaign, initiated in April 2003 by MEAS (Mature Enjoyment of Alcohol in Society, Ltd.), highlights the potential negative consequences of excessive drinking, including accidental injury, possible short- and long-term health problems, violence, antisocial behavior, and crime. The central message of the campaign—“You can have a great time while respecting alcohol and respecting yourself”—is directed at young people; it challenges them to avoid excessive drinking practices that may result in harm. The campaign is promoted through posters, articles, radio and TV interviews, and at the MEAS campus events, targeting approximately 250,000 students in some 50 higher education institutions each year. Respect Alcohol, Respect Yourself Campaign is supported the Union of Students of Ireland (USI) and the National Off-Licence Association (NoffLA). See: http://www.meas.ie/page.php?intPageID=124.

Rethinking Drinking – You’re in Control (Australia). These classroom teaching materials for secondary schools promote alcohol harm reduction. Lesson planners, student workbooks, and a DVD are distributed to all Australian schools and are used extensively. The program is now funded jointly by Australian brewers and the Australian Government. A web-based resource assists organizers of student and parent “Alcohol Information Nights,” which are designed to stimulate family discussions on alcohol. See: http://www.rethinkingdrinking.org.

Sembrando Salud (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Social Norms Marketing (SNM) campaigns (USA). – Social Norms Marketing

Social Norming: Just the Facts (USA). – Social Norms Marketing

Stodder Med Stil/Hustler with Style (Denmark). – Drinking and Driving

Storytelling for Empowerment Project (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Strengthening Families Program, SFP (USA). – Life Skills

Strengthening Hawaii Families (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

THINK B4 U BUY UNDER 18s DRINK (New Zealand). – Legal Age Limits

Soif de Vivre/Thirst for Life (France). – Alcohol Education

Todavía no has terminado! (USA) – "At-risk" Populations

Trazando mi Propio Destino/Drawing my Own Destiny (Mexico). This educational program targets adolescents in three age groups: ages 11 to 13; 14 to 16; and 17 and older. The main objective is to provide young people with the necessary information and skills to help them maintain a healthy and responsible lifestyle. See: http://www.femsa.com/es/press/news/unen-esfuerzos-la.htm.

Un Dedo De Espuma, Dos Dedos De Frente/A Thick Head On Your Beer But Not on Your Shoulders (Spain). – Social Norms Marketing

Urban Women Against Substance Abuse, UWASA (USA). – Women and Alcohol

Vivamos Responsablemente/Let’s Live Responsibly (Argentina). Launched in 2003, this educational program for high school students seeks to help them understand the reasons for and the context of their actions and prepares them to make responsible health decisions. The key elements of the initiative are a series of talks with students led by a team of professionals, sessions for parents, and meetings with teachers. In addition, the printed Guía Para Padres de Hijos Adolescentes/Guide for Parents of Teenage Children was designed to promote positive communication among parents and children on common conflict issues. The program was developed and implemented in partnership by brewery Quilmes, schools, the police, and other community actors. See: http://www.vivamosresponsablemente.com.

Way Out (the Netherlands). – Alcohol Education

You Be The Judge (Canada). – Alcohol Education

Your Life, Your Choice! (Canada) – Life Skills

Legal Age Limits

Top Of Page

1-888-UNDER 21 Hotline (USA). The goal of the hotline is to report underage drinking in Pennsylvania. Callers may phone the hotline anonymously to report underage drinking incidents/parties/events, the use of fake ID’s, and any establishments that are selling alcohol to minors. Complaints are then referred to the appropriate state or local law enforcement agency for action. The hotline is in operation 24 hours a day, year-around. It is promoted through newspapers, newsletters, billboards, and on sides of busses. The number can also be displayed as a public service message on a movie screen before the main feature begins. See: http://www.psp.state.pa.us and http://www.lcb.state.pa.us/plcb/lib/edu/item_images/7005.pdf.

Are You Doing Your Part? Back-to-school Campaign (USA). – Alcohol and the Family

Ask, Listen, Learn (USA). Developed in partnership by the Century Council and Nickelodeon, this multimedia, web-based program for middle school children and their parents intends to combat underage drinking, particularly among tweens (ages 9 to 12). Both parents and children are provided with information and strategies to help facilitate the conversation about the dangers of underage drinking. See: http://www.centurycouncil.org/underage/asklistenlearn.html.

Border Binge Reduction Program (Mexico, USA) – "Binge" Drinking

Cops in Shops (USA). The program uses undercover police officers in retail outlets to foil purchase by and for minors. Penalties are imposed on the offending customers and the retailers. According to the 2002 survey by the National Association of Governors’ Highway Safety, Representatives in 15 states that participate in the Cops in Shops program find it “very effective at the local level.” The program was carried out in partnership by the Century Council, police departments in over 40 states, college and university security, and retailers. See: http://www.centurycouncil.org/underage/cops.html.

Good Idea, Bad Idea (South Africa). This multimedia campaign aims to prevent underage drinking among adolescents aged 10 to 17 and to discourage provision of alcohol to minors by young adults aged under 24. The message aims to appeal to teenagers’ sense of adulthood, using an indirect rather than authoritarian tone. The campaign was developed by the Industry Association for Responsible Alcohol Use (ARA), with the support and endorsement of South Africa’s Department of Education. See: www.ara.co.za.

MAHIS “A Chance is Inside You”: After Eighteen (Finland). MAHIS “A Chance is Inside You” funds projects planned and implemented by young people. Chosen initiatives normally offer meaningful spare time activities and interaction with trained counselors and coaches. One of such programs is a scholarship scheme After Eighteen, launched by Finland’s Federation of the Brewing and Soft Drinks Industry. After Eighteen supports local efforts to prevent or reduce underage drinking. The focus of the scholarship expanded with time from funding action plans designed specifically for problem youth to projects aimed at general junior school population and at encouraging cooperative initiatives between young people and school officials, teachers, and outside organizations. See: http://www.nuortenakatemia.fi/sivu.php?artikkeli_id=340.

Project Sticker Shock (USA). The campaign is targeted at young adults who might purchase alcohol legally and provide it to minors. Stickers warning about the penalties for furnishing alcohol to minors are placed on all multi-packs of beer, wine coolers, and other alcohol products that might appeal to underage drinkers. The impact of the stickers is increased by media coverage of the event and by signs displayed by participating retailers. The program is modeled after the Guide for Statewide Sticker Shock Project, developed by the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, and A Handbook for Youth and Community Groups for Implementation of Project Sticker Shock , developed by the Maine Office of Substance Abuse. In Pennsylvania, 60% of the 50 community coordinators and 57.5% of the 82 distributors that participated in the program returned their evaluation forms, which indicated that the majority of both groups supported the effort. The project is currently active in a number of U.S. states. See, for example: http://www.abc.state.va.us/Education/stickershock/project_overview.html and http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/osa/prevention/youth/sticker.htm.

Reducing Underage Drinking through Coalitions (USA). This initiative aims to reduce underage drinking in communities by changing the social environment. Examples of environmental policy changes that coalitions may seek include enforcement of social host liability laws, which hold suppliers of alcohol to minors (usually at parties) liable for any problems that occur. See: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/3557.html.

Respect 21 Responsible Retailing program (USA). In partnership with Brandeis University and the Responsible Retailing Forum (RRF), MillerCoors conducted the Respect 21 program in the New York City area to help National Supermarket Association's (NSA) beverage alcohol licensees and their staff improve their ID-checking and refusal to sell alcohol to underage customers (the drinking age is 21 in the USA). Forty-two participating NSA grocery stores were provided with tools and assistance through point-of-sales materials and the H.E.L.P. Guide for Retailers, developed in cooperation with Brandeis University and derived from government-recognized best practices on responsible retailing. An important element of the Respect 21 program is reports on the actual performance of cashiers when young, legal-age "mystery shoppers" ask to purchase alcohol. "Green Cards" were issued when clerks correctly asked for IDs; and "Red Cards" were given when clerks failed to ask for an ID or offered to sell alcohol without an ID. Follow-up reports were sent by mail to store managers. During the program's run in the area, age-verification increased from 67% correct ID-checking in the first quarter of 2008 to 70% in the second quarter. And in July 2008, the final month of the program, correct age verification rose to 89%. As an additional evaluation tool, RRF selected 10 grocery stores and conducted five unreported inspections by different "mystery shoppers" at each location before and after the program's run. At baseline, the pass rate was 48%; at post-test, the rate was 60%, an improvement of 25%, or 12 percentage points. See: http://www.respect21.com/.  

Responsible Serving of Alcohol, RSA (Ireland). – Responsible Hospitality

Stop! Underage Drinking campaign (Japan). This campaign, launched in 2005, aims to prevent underage drinking, particularly when alcohol is provided to minors by adults (the drinking age is 19 in Japan). It is led by the Brewers Association of Japan (BAJ) and its five member companies: Asahi, Kirin, Orion, Sapporo, and Suntory. Organizations, stores, and supermarkets that agree with the project's objectives display the campaign logo and various supporting materials, such as badges and POP materials. To support the campaign, BAJ sponsors a series of advertisements against underage drinking (aimed at both adults and underage young people) in various newspapers and on public transport. All television commercials and advertising for alcohol beverages are required to bear the campaign logo. To check the performance of the campaign, BAJ conducts customer surveys twice a year. Public awareness about the project has increased steadily. According to BAJ's research conducted in April 2008, 87% of underage respondents were familiar with the campaign logo and messages, compared to 49% in 2005; and 88% of those underage acknowledged that underage drinking was wrong and illegal, compared to 76% in 2005. Additionally, 88% of surveyed adults reported feeling guilty about allowing underage drinking, compared to 79% in 2005.

Underage Drinking - Slow down! campaign (Czech Republic). This campaign by the Czech Beer and Malt Association (CBMA) and HORECA CR (Association of On-Trade Outlet Owners) aims to help prevent underage drinking in bars and restaurants. The main components include handouts for establishment owners summarizing laws related to underage drinking, display posters and campaign stickers, and educational programs organized by the CBMA members (breweries).

Alcohol and the Family

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Are You Doing Your Part? Back-to-school Campaign (USA). According to recent research commissioned by The Century Council, “Sixty-five percent of underage youth who drink obtain alcohol from family and friends.” This campaign aims to raise adults’ awareness of their influence on their children’s decisions and to encourage parents to play a more active role in preventing underage access to alcohol. Key campaign components include: a 30-second public service announcement; buttons and informational cards distributed in alcohol-selling establishments; “Tips for Parents” cards that encourage adults to, “…talk with your child about the dangers of underage drinking; be a good role model; disapprove of underage drinking; supervise your child; recognize problem behavior and seek help when necessary.” The campaign was launched in August 2003 to run alongside the back-to-school season. See: http://www.centurycouncil.org/underage/65_percent.html.

Be Prepared to Talk to Your Children about Drinking (Canada). This bilingual campaign, produced by Educ’alcool, a social aspects organization in Quebec, Canada, aims to help parents discuss drinking and alcohol-related issues with their children. The campaign’s main element is the informational brochure, designed as a guide for parents. The guide consists of three main sections: “How to behave” (with or in front of children); “What you should know” (with information on physiological and psychological effects of alcohol); and “What you should say.” All information is color-coded by age of the child (8 to 11; 12 to 14; 15 to 16; and 17 to 18), to help parents navigate their way through the brochure. The guide stresses that excessive drinking, intoxication, and alcohol abuse are absolutely unacceptable. All school boards and private schools in Quebec distributed the guide to parents of 5^th- and 6^th-graders (ages 9 to 10). In addition, an extensive advertising campaign was carried out through various media outlets, targeted at parents of both teens and pre-teens, encouraging them to talk to their children about alcohol—the sooner, the better—and providing the information on how to obtain the guide free of charge. An independent survey revealed that 73% of parents were aware of the campaign; of them, 80% “read all or almost all” of the guide and 97% found it “very or mostly relevant.” See: http://www.educalcool.qc.ca/en/publications/be-prepared-to-talk-to-your-children-about-drinking/index.html.

Changing the Culture of Alcohol Use in New South Wales (Australia). – Social Norms Marketing

Educating within the Family (Chile). – Alcohol Education

Family Matters (USA). This home-based program was designed to prevent tobacco and alcohol use in children aged 12 to 14 years and is delivered through four booklets mailed to the home with token participation incentives of a Family-Matters pencil, button, balloon, or magnet. After each mailing, health educators telephone parents to encourage them to complete the book and any included parent-child activities, and to answer questions. Each booklet contains information based on behavioral science theory and research and includes participant activities. Health educators who conduct the follow-up interviews can include local school nurses, teachers, college students, and business professionals and can be paid staff or volunteers. One complete program cycle takes 79 days. Adolescents in families that received the program were 1.3 times less likely to have used alcohol than their counterparts without the program. See: http://familymatters.sph.unc.edu/index.htm.

Family Talk about Drinking (USA). Developed by an advisory panel of professionals in education, family counseling, child psychology, and alcohol treatment, this program against underage drinking is delivered through a guidebook that encourages effective communication between parents and children by addressing such issues as self-respect, family rules, and respect for the law. The materials are available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean, and are free at www.familytalkonline.com. English and Spanish videos also are available. More than 6.4 million Family Talk materials have been distributed since 1990. See: http://www.familytalkonline.com.

Is Your Drinking Affecting Their Thinking? (Ireland) This 2004–2006 campaign emphasized the role of parents in influencing drinking by minors and challenged parents and young people to review their attitudes towards alcohol in the context of traditional drinking occasions. It specifically targeted the extreme drinking occasions during the annual celebrations of student exam results and national holidays such as St. Patrick’s Day and Easter. The campaign was promoted through radio and print media. See: http://meas.ie/page.php?intPageID=123.

Ready or Not: Talking With Kids about Alcohol (USA). This community program aims to help parents and caregivers to discuss alcohol with their children aged 10 to 14 years. To broaden the program’s reach, a culturally sensitive Spanish-language version, Sin Rodeos: Hablando con los niños sobre el alcohol®, and a Native American version of Ready or Not were developed in collaboration with education and prevention experts from these communities. Program components include: a 30-minute video and participant guide with tips for adults to prevent underage drinking, a facilitator kit (video, situation cards, participants’ guide, and instructor manual) for use at home or in 60- to 90-minute group workshops. Members of Congress and local leaders participated in the program by recording public service announcements to remind adults to talk to their children about alcohol. An independent survey of 118 adult participants of Ready or Not by the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation revealed that “two-thirds were motivated to talk with their kids about alcohol, and that two-thirds of these found the program helpful in deciding what to say.” See: http://www.centurycouncil.org/underage/ready.html.

Sembrando Salud (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Strengthening Families Program, SFP (International). – Life Skills

Strengthening Hawaii Families (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Drinking and Driving

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100% Cool (Portugal). This is an adaptation of the EuroBob designated driver campaign (see below) in Portugal. Research identified the name subsequently given to the “designated driver”—“Driver 100% Cool”—as the most positive in the eyes of the young Portuguese. The title of the program aims to “increase the social value” of the person responsible for the security of the group and thus contribute to making such behavior desirable. The primary targets of the campaign are young people aged 18 to 26, especially urban males; the secondary targets are parents and other adults with direct influence on young people’s behavior and attitudes. The four key campaign elements are: (1) the website ( www.100porcentocool.pt ), where, along with information about the campaign, one can participate in a debate forum and find fun links; (2) “100% Cool” designated-driver cards (means to ID a designated driver), which offer special rewards and are distributed at BP gas stations in the greater Lisbon area; (3) the “100% Cool” song, composed by a popular youth band and performed in bars and nightclubs. In 2002–2003, this song became the theme song for a popular Portuguese soap opera that followed lives of young people. It became especially associated with one of the characters, a young man who was both rebellious and responsible, thus making him a role model for young people; (4) competitions and quizzes about the campaign on Mega FM, Portugal’s first youth radio station. The campaign was also advertised on other radio stations, billboards, busses and posters, postal cards passed out in clubs and bars, and stickers placed in visible locations inside alcohol-selling establishments. Approximately 30,000 designated-driver cards were given out and used at the approximately 75 participating BP gas stations. The competitions and quizzes by Mega FM attracted over 1,000 participants. According to a 2002 survey in Lisbon, 68% of respondents knew the designated driver concept, and 58% believed that the campaign will have a positive impact on reducing road accidents. The campaign was enhanced and extended to the entire country in 2003–2004. See: http://www.100porcentocool.pt/ and http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf.

Arrive Alive! campaign (South Africa). This is the leading campaign for the promotion and enforcement of road safety in South Africa, run in partnership by the Department of Transport, the Industry Association for Responsible Alcohol Use (ARA), and individual ARA members. According to the Department of Transport, since the campaign was initiated at the national level, road fatalities have fallen by an average 7.4% a year. At least 270 lives have been saved annually since the start of the campaign, at a cost saving to the economy of over R 450 million. See: http://www.transport.gov.za/projects/index.html.

Aspen’s Tipsy Taxi (USA). This program provides a free ride home for those who have no other way to avoid getting behind the wheel while intoxicated. The initiative is administered through the Pitkin County Sheriff's Office as a crime prevention program, with assistance from Aspen and Snowmass Village Police and the local restaurant association. According to a study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), “examination of crash data indicated that nighttime injury and fatal crashes all declined after implementation of Tipsy Taxi.” See: http://www.tipsytaxi.com and http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/research/tipsytaxi/toc.htm.

Bob Jij of Bob ik? (the Netherlands). This is the Dutch adaptation of the EuroBob concept (see below) that aims to raise awareness of the dangers of alcohol-impaired driving, generate a strong positive attitude toward the role of “Bob,” the designated driver, and stigmatize drunk drivers. No specific target audience has been defined. To deliver its message, the campaign uses warning signs in parking area on motorways; leaflets, key rings, balloons, pens, clothing, and coasters; billboard/radio/TV advertisements; an interactive website ( www.bobjijofbobik.nl); and Bob promotional team and bus. In addition, a special Bob starter package has been developed for the Hotel and Catering industry, and the program’s profile in the industry is raised at professional fairs across the Netherlands and through collaboration with various popular sports clubs and associations (e.g., Dutch Olympic Committee/Dutch Sports Federation, Royal Dutch Korfball Association). In 2003, 85% of the general public recognized the campaign and its message, 88% were in favor of having “a Bob” in their party, and 84% said they’ve been “Bob.” In the same year, Bob Jij of Bob ik? won two advertising prizes: the SAN award for creativity and originality, and a silver Effie for the campaign’s effectiveness and efficacy. See: http://www.veiligverkeernederland.nl/nl/cms/start.htm and http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf.

Capitaine de Soirée (France). This designated driver campaign was first launched in the region of l'Ain in 1997, as a partnership effort between the regional committee of Sécurité Routière and the Professional Chamber of Insurance Companies (AGEA). It was then extended to two additional regions: l'Ille-et-Vilaine and Seine-et-Marne. Due to the campaign’s success at the regional level, it was launched nationally in 2000. The goal of Capitaine de Soirée is to promote the idea of choosing a designated driver before going out. The campaign targets young people aged 18 to 25 years and is implemented at nightclubs, bars, and, since 2002, student events and private parties. The key elements of the initiative include: posters, leaflets, identification bracelets for designated drivers, T-shirts, breathalyzers, and coasters distributed by party organizers and trained youth volunteers. The campaign is supported by the media at national, regional, and local levels. During Capitaine de Soirée events, nightclub owners or party organizers must offer free entry and at least two free non-alcoholic drinks to designated drivers, identified by a special bracelet. Goals of the 2004-2005 campaign were to: recruit more youth volunteers; develop incentives for nightclub owners and party organizers to distinguish designated drivers every weekend and not just for the Capitaine de Soiree special events; encourage and further develop the implementation of the campaign in student parties and private gatherings. According to a 2003 evaluation by regional committees of the Sécurité Routière, “96% of nightclub owners said they wanted to continue implementing the campaign on their premises in the long run or that they had a strong motivation to do it now.” Other evaluation results include the following: Seventy-nine local committees of Sécurité Routière organized the campaign in their regions (10 more than in 2002); 73% of regional directors said that they had “better contact with the nighttime economy in 2003 than in 2002”; 552 nightclubs were involved in the campaign (129 more than in 2002); and 85% of young participants have “understood and liked” the campaign’s message. It was noted that “the campaign contributed to the reduction in traffic crash victims between 2001 and 2002 and an even bigger reduction in 2003.” See: http://www.agea.fr/?f=capitaine_de_soiree.

Celui qui conduit, c’est celui qui ne boit pas (France). This designated driver campaign targeting 15- to 25-year-olds had two main stages. First, a large script-writing competition was held for young people on the issue of alcohol-impaired driving (launched by the Sécurité Routière), supported by promotion “on the ground” (led by Enterprise & Prévention, a French social aspects organization). Five scripts were chosen to be adapted and produced by famous young directors. The films were then screened in 250 Pathe and Gaumont cinemas over 3 weeks and on TV channel M6 for two weeks. In addition, an e-marketing campaign was sent to over 40,000 young people, inviting them to view the films online. During the project’s second stage, Prevention Kits were distributed to university campuses by trained “young hosts.” The kit contained a key ring, a small alcohol indicator ruler, a breathalyzer, and a windscreen sticker. Thirty theme events were organized in nightclubs and bars across France, with wide support and promotion in local media. Each event was hosted by young people dressed as nurses and firemen who explained the campaign’s message to young customers at the entrance and helped choose a designated driver in each group. The designated driver was then identified with a bracelet and received free non-alcoholic beverages and memorabilia. Their BAC was checked regularly and especially before leaving to ensure compliance with the “agreement.” The 5 winning films and jingles from especially created DVD were played throughout the night; 3,500 scripts were sent by young people aged between 15 and 24 and 2,000 young people registered for the program on the website. An estimated 1.8 million people watched the shot films at the cinema and 10 million were exposed to it on TV. Most students who received the Prevention Kit expressed a favorable opinion of the campaign. During the events in nightclubs, an estimated 25,000 young people were introduced to the campaign’s message, with 3,000 young people pledging to be the designated driver for the night, and “90% of them indicated that they would now apply this concept when going out at night.” The 5 winning films were screened again on TV at the end of 2003 and have been presented at short film festivals outside France. See www.soifdevivre.com, http://www.securiteroutiere.gouv.fr/infos-ref/politique/actions/campagnes/campagne-1.html, and http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf.

DrinkMeter (Australia). – Blood Alcohol Concentration Limits

Drink or Drive—You Decide (U.K.). This campaign was launched to re-brand the “I’ll be Des” campaign. Drink or Drive was heavily promoted for three months, and materials are still being distributed upon request to bars and pubs. The campaign is designed to appeal to men and women in all socioeconomic groups, including the most hard-to-reach populations (e.g., those with low literacy). Notwithstanding the campaign’s broad appeal, it aims to reach particularly those most at risk of alcohol-impaired driving and those segments of population that are most heavily represented in terms of road traffic crashes (i.e., young men and inexperienced drivers). Drink or Drive has been popular with the licensed trade and other “gatekeepers” and is well received by consumers. It has helped to reinforce government and police messages to the public about alcohol-impaired driving. See: http://www.drinkordrive.co.uk/.

Drive Straight and Designate: Christmas and St. Patrick’s Day (Ireland). The Christmas campaign: Advertisements in national and local radio stations called on the public to designate a driver before going out during the festive season and encouraged the beverage alcohol industry to provide free/inexpensive non-alcoholic drinks for designated drivers. In ten locations, free non-alcoholic drinks were provided to licensed premises, courtesy of the Beverage Council of Ireland and Tennents Ireland. These premises participated in the national competition for best designated-driver promotion. The campaign was directed especially at young men with the catchphrase, “Drive straight and designate.” Other campaign elements included: radio advertisements in youth-directed programs nationally and locally; licensed trade initiatives (trade organizations circulated promotional materials to their members or provided complimentary non-alcoholic drinks for drivers); and student radio advertisement contest. The St. Patrick’s Day campaign: MEAS (Mature Enjoyment of Alcohol in Society, Ltd.) collaborated with a renowned Irish illustrator to create a campaign encouraging people to designate a driver when they go out on St Patrick’s Day (March 17). The illustration features Saint Patrick booting the drink-driving snake out of Ireland, reminding people to “drive straight and designate.” The illustration appeared on a series of posters and postcards, which were distributed to alcohol-selling establishments throughout Ireland ahead of the national holiday. An e-card was also distributed via email in the final days leading up to the festival. Evaluation of the two campaigns: A quantitative survey by the Marketing Centre of the University of Limerick revealed that 90% of respondents (sample: 1,100 people) were familiar with the designated driver concept after the 2003 Christmas Designated Driver campaign. One in 4 Irish people designate a driver before going out, and 45% take a taxi after drinking. The research revealed that providing non-alcoholic drinks to designated drivers was seen as the main incentive to designate, followed by “more advertising (particularly on TV)” and “petrol vouchers for designated drivers.” In 2004, the campaign before and during St. Patrick’s Day reached almost 7,000 licensed and 320 off-licensed premises. See: http://www.meas.ie/page.php?intPageID=122 and http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf.

EuroBob campaigns (Belgium, the European Union). This public awareness campaign was originally launched in Belgium to educate the public that drivers should not drink. Since its inception, young people were the particular focus of the campaign, but, over the years, other groups (men over 55 years and men aged 35 to 55 years) have been also targeted. The campaign’s message is delivered through: billboards; posters distributed to schools, police stations, public buildings, cafes, bars, and restaurants; TV and radio spots; an interactive website ( www.bob.be ); articles and advertisement in Via Secura, the magazine for road safety professionals and the police from the Belgian Road and Safety Institute. Since 1998, the EuroBob bus has been a permanent awareness-raising tool. The bus is available on demand and has a driving simulator, a stack of Bob folders to give out, and free breath testing. In addition, the police forces are asked to increase the number of random breath testing during the program’s annual run. Today, variations of EuroBOB are active in Belgium, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Spain, and other European Union countries. In Belgium, each year after the campaign’s run, a survey among a representative sample the population is conducted by INRA/Belgium-Marketing Unit. According to the 2003 data, 97% of respondents were familiar with the Bob initiative and message, and 6 out of 10 people aged under 35 have already been driven home by a Bob. Loyola De Palacio, then member of the European Commission with responsibility for Energy and Transport, said in 2001, “The European Commission is pleased to see that a growing number of countries are subscribing to this idea, which has been a success in Belgium in particular. It is important that the example set should be followed in other EU countries.” See: www.bob.be and http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf .

Friends Don’t Let Friends Drive Drunk (USA). This program aims to change the way Americans think about drinking and driving. Over the years, the campaign has taken various forms. Most recently, public service announcements featured victims of road crashes resulting from alcohol-impaired driving, with the message, “Drunk driving is a deadly act that takes thousands of lives annually.” The Ad Council, RADD—“The Entertainment Industry’s Voice for Road Safety”—and the National Association of Broadcasters produced public service announcements for TV, radio, print, and online media. The announcements encourage everyone to take an active role in preventing someone from driving drunk and sometimes feature such celebrities as Aerosmith, Barry Bonds, Kelly Hu, and others. Eighty-four percent of Americans recall having seen or heard the campaign’s public service announcements. Nearly 80% said they took action to prevent a friend or a loved one from drinking and driving, and 25% said they stopped drinking and driving as the result of the campaign. See: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/alcohol/DesignatedDriver/intro1.html.

Global Road Safety Partnership, GRSP (International). A multi-sectoral partnership aimed at increasing road safety and reducing the risk of traffic crashes and deaths, particularly in developing countries and transition economies. GRSP involves the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the World Bank, national governments and civic organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and a wide range of private sector institutions. Initiatives in GRSP focus countries are culturally-specific and are developed and implemented with help of local actors. See: http://www.grsproadsafety.org.

Hardcore Drunk Driver Project(USA) The goal of this program is to reduce the recidivism of hardcore drunk drivers. The initiative seeks to provide a single, comprehensive resource for legislators, highway safety officials, law enforcement officers, judges, prosecutors, community activists, and treatment professionals on developing strategies for identifying recidivist drunk drivers, levying appropriate punishment, and providing effective treatment. The centerpiece of the program is the regularly updated sourcebook—Combating Hardcore Drunk Driving—available in an interactive database. See: www.dwidata.org.

If You Drink, Don’t Open the Car (Czech Republic). This campaign is the largest initiative against alcohol-impaired driving in the Czech Republic. It is delivered through TV and radio announcements, billboard advertisements, and “boomerang cards” for nightclubs, restaurants, and cafés. The campaign’s illustrations depict a car crashed by a bottle opener and include the message, “If you drink, don’t open the car. Don’t drink and drive.” An independent evaluation discovered a 38% improvement in public knowledge of risks associated with alcohol-impaired driving as result of the program’s initial stages. The campaign intensified the public discussion on the subject and raised the issue of insufficient attention devoted to drinking and driving by TV and other media. The campaign was also positively appraised by experts in the alcohol field. Moreover, with time, it became a partnership initiative involving governmental organizations and the beverage alcohol industry. See: www.mdcr.cz and www.forum-psr.cz (in Czech).

Not Tonight (Greece). This is the Greek version of the EuroBob designated driver campaign (see above). To make the program more sensitive to Greek culture, it was decided not to use a name (“Bob”) for the designated driver—the campaign was renamed “Not Tonight.” The initiative targets drivers aged 18 to 39 years. In accordance with the Belgian EuroBob model, the national media campaign in Greece is supported by a number of “on-the-ground” activities, such as complementary driving simulators and breath tests, videos in schools, and info-packs with free key-rings and stickers. The campaign succeeded in raising awareness: After only one year after the Greek pilot of the program, 78% of surveyed Greeks heard about the campaign, 75% found its message convincing, and 72% said they would volunteer to be the designated driver when going out with friends.

Opération Nez Rouge/Operation Red Nose (Canada, France, and Swizerland). This initiative has been implemented annually in Québec, Canada, since 1984. Active during the winter holiday season, the program provides free transportation to those who have been drinking. Since its modest inception, the program evolved into a national campaign with over 90 local organizations throughout Canada, and its concept was exported to Switzerland and France. See: http://www.operationnezrouge.com.

Partnership Project Don’t Drink and Drive (India). This communications campaign was intended to raise public awareness about the health and legal implications of drinking and driving. Using the slogan, “Don’t Drink and Drive—Your Family Needs You!”, Bangalore residents were targeted through media advertisements, posters, pamphlets, stickers, and charts placed strategically throughout the city for 30 days. During and after these 30 days, the police was especially vigilant in their enforcement of existing laws on alcohol-impaired driving. According to the Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP), “A small independent opinion poll (by TN Sofres Mode) carried out in February 2003 indicated that 81% of those interviewed were aware of the campaign and thought it had contributed to the overall improvement of the city.” See: http://www.grsproadsafety.org and http://www.grsproadsafety.org/themes/default/pdfs/DrinkDrive.pdf.

Programa un conductor cada noche (PUCCN)/One driver every night: Do it for you, do it for me (Spain). This is the Spanish version of the EuroBob campaign (see above), which first focused on the regions of Catalonia and Andalusia and was initially conducted under the name, “Lince Project.” A 2002 qualitative study revealed that “Lince”—a name without a female equivalent that is rare in urban areas—was not effective in reaching the target group of young men and women aged 16 to 25 years. Therefore, the 2003 campaign came out under a new header, “One driver every night: Do it for you, do it for me.” The goal of the initiative was to change behavior and attitudes among the target population, making designated driver a socially acceptable concept. Drivers and nondrivers, as well us younger teens who go out with 16- to 25-year-olds, have been targeted. The five key campaign elements are: (1) informational posters; (2) advertisements in magazines about cars; (3) radio and television spots during youth programs; (4) an interactive website about the effects of alcohol and the concept of designated driver; (5) special promotional events conducted in partnership by a range of local and national actors. A 2004 quantitative study revealed that 78% of the sample audience remembered the theme of the program; 68% recalled that one of the messages displayed was “don’t drink and drive”; 73% said the information was clearly presented; and 61% thought the campaign had a positive impact on their behavior. Importantly, 51% of respondents said they never drove after drinking. The program is reviewed each year with the goal to change the behavior of more young people. Special approaches are being devised for urban areas, and new channels and venues to distribute the message are continuously explored and tested (e.g., placing continuous campaign messages in venues where young people spend their evenings—beginning in student cafeterias in early evening and moving on to retail shops and nightclubs/bars later at night). See: http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf and http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf.

Project LIFT – Leave in a Free Taxi (USA). – Alcohol and the Workplace

Promotion of Responsible Consumption during the Carnival (Brazil). Messages about responsible drinking and the avoidance of alcohol-impaired driving to and from the Carnival were delivered during the festivities. To support this campaign, AmBev, a multinational brewer, donated five thousand disposable breathalyzers to local and federal government agencies in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Distrito Federal. The campaign’s responsible-drinking message was advertised in airports and other tourist locations; free rides for carnival-goers were offered in Recife and Olinda; and temporary boomerang tattoos with campaign messages have been promoted among Carnival-goers in Salvador. See: http://www.inbev.com/pdf/AmBev_GCReport_1.pdf.

Responsibility Has Its Rewards (USA). This campaign provides baseball and football fans with a special incentive to participate in the designated driver program. Major League Baseball (MLB) fans who register as designated drivers promise not to drink alcohol, drive their family and friends home from the game, and ensure that everybody buckles up. Every ballpark and stadium offers the program. At the end of the season, one designated driver from each ballpark is selected to represent the home team. Two selected fans from each team that makes it to the World Series receive two tickets for the game, they are also acknowledged through the stadium video board during the World Series. In addition, a trip to the MLB All-Star game is awarded to one of the designated drivers selected for the season whose team did not play in the World Series. TV and radio public service announcements promote the incentives. In the National Football League (NFL) campaign, designated drivers for the season from the two teams that play in the Super Bowl win a trip to the game, and one of the remaining 30 designated drivers for the season from NFL teams not playing in the Super Bowl is randomly selected to win a trip to the Pro Bowl. TV and radio advertisements publicize the promotion locally and nationally among fans. Over 160,000 MLB fans pledged to be designated drivers at ballparks across the country during the 2004 season. See: http://www.teamcoalition.org.

Responsible Fan (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

Safe and Vital Employees, SAVE (USA) – Alcohol and the Workplace

Si Toma, No Maneje, Hice la Promesa (USA). – "At-risk" Populations

SoberRide™ (USA). Founded in 1982, the Washington Regional Alcohol Program (WRAP) is an award-winning, public-private coalition formed to fight alcohol-impaired driving, drugged driving, and underage drinking in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. One of WRAP’s initiatives is SoberRide, the popular free cab ride service for individuals who had been drinking, offered during high-risk holidays. Currently, SoberRide operates during the December/January holiday season, St. Patrick’s Day, Independence Day, and Halloween. WRAP’s SoberRide provides a free cab ride home for up to a USD 50 fare. See: http://www.soberride.com/.

Stodder Med Stil/Hustler with Style (Denmark). This is a campaign to reduce alcohol-related traffic crashes among young people in Danish technical schools. Focused in particular on the 18- to 24-year-old men, this campaign—piloted in 2001–2002 and repeated in 2002–2003—involved school visits by teams of young instructors and employed a variety of materials from educational theater to competitions, mobile text messaging, and an interactive website. The evaluation of the 2002 –2003 project showed that 6 out of 10 students changed their opinion on risky driving after the activity day; 70% of participants remembered at least one of the items addressed at the school session and have used the information. See: www.goda.dk (non-English) and http://www.vv.se/filer/35831/Drink-Driving_Campaigns.pdf.

Blood Alcohol Concentration Limits 

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DrinkMeter (Australia). This easy-to-use interactive online program helps to estimate one's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) during a simulated drinking session. The BAC is based on relevant details, such as weight, gender, and drink types. The website also indicates likely effects of the BAC and provides additional information on alcohol metabolism and legal BAC limits. See: http://www.dasc.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=180#e169.

The Blood Alcohol Educator, BAE (USA). This is an interactive program available on CD-ROM or online (in English and Spanish) that allows users to quickly learn about alcohol’s effects under specific conditions and provides information about BAC limits in all U.S. states. The BAE calculations are based on gender, weight, and number of drinks, as well as on such factors as elapsed time, drinking speed, and food intake. The outreach of the Program was once supported by a traveling 13-foot colorful truck, though this was retired in 2005. The underlying science behind the BAE is based on the work of the Southern California Research Institute and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s own BAC Estimator. The following organizations have reviewed BAE and have found it to be consistent with the latest research: U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); National Commission against Drunk Driving (NCADD); National Association of Chiefs of Police; the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA); National Alcohol Beverage Control Association (NABCA); Geico Direct; and the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States. See: http://www.b4udrink.org.

Alcohol Dependence and Treatment

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Addressing Alcohol Addiction and Adherence to Anti-retroviral Treatment (Kenya). – HIV/AIDS Risks and Drinking Patterns

Ensuring Solutions to Alcohol Problems (USA). – Alcohol and the Workplace

Moderation Management, MM (USA). Moderation Management is a support group for individuals concerned about their drinking. This harm reduction program seeks to encourage problem drinkers to limit or stop their alcohol intake by providing information about alcohol, low-risk drinking levels, and self-management and problem-solving techniques, and helps clients achieve balance in all aspects of life. The program was originally designed to be delivered in the face-to-face group format, but has gained significant membership when implemented via the Internet. This program is filling an important niche by attracting individuals who have not previously sought help with their drinking and are either specifically looking to control their consumption or need guidance in deciding between moderation and abstinence. The program is also unique in approaching potential problem drinkers before they develop dependence. See: http://www.moderation.org/.

Project Link (USA). – Women and Alcohol

Early Identification and Brief Intervention 

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Alcohol Screening Self-test and Resources (USA). This online tool generates personalized results about drinking patterns, risks, and harm and is based on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), developed by WHO to screen for problem drinking. See: www.hazelden.org and www.jointogether.org.

Alcohol Screening (USA). www.AlcoholScreening.org is a service of Join Together, a program of the Boston University School of Public Health that provides information and support for community-based interventions around alcohol and drug policy, prevention, and treatment. The website contains a screening tool that allows users to assess their drinking patterns, get personalized advice about drinking and health, and locate self-help and support resources nationwide. It also enables users to browse a library of publications about alcohol and health from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. A study on the site’s effectiveness found that, in a 14-month period, 39,842 adults completed the questionnaire about their drinking habits, and most (65%) had test results consistent with problem drinking or alcohol dependence. The study concluded that a well-publicized, easily accessible research-based screening and intervention website can attract many users, most of whom are drinking excessively and are likely to utilize referral information after receiving individualized feedback. See: http://www.alcoholscreening.org.

BASICS (Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students): A Harm Reduction Approach (USA). BASICS is a preventive intervention for college students aged 18 to 24 years who drink alcohol heavily but are not alcohol-dependent and have experienced or are at risk for alcohol-related problems (e.g., poor class attendance, missed assignments, accidents, sexual assault, and violence). The goal of the intervention is to motivate young people to reduce risky behaviors. Students can be identified through routine screenings or referrals from medical, housing, or disciplinary services. The program is administered through two 50-minute interviews. Before or after the first interview, the student receives a self-report questionnaire to complete. The second interview (conducted approximately one week after the initial session) provides the student with personalized feedback. Training is usually necessary to implement BASICS; depending on staff experience, such training can be completed in one to two days. BASICS has been evaluated with non-treatment-seeking students in large, traditional university settings but may be tailored for use with young adults in other settings (e.g., the military) or incorporated into a stepped-care approach for assessment, advice, and referral to specialty care. See: http://modelprograms.samhsa.gov/pdfs/model/BASICS.pdf.

Standard Drinks 

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2f3m4 (U.K.). This campaign intends to inform consumers about sensible drinking parameters (i.e., 2-3 drinks for women and 3-4 drinks for men). The main vehicle for promoting the campaign is the “unit calculator,” which supports the government’s responsible drinking message. The campaign materials are available free of charge and include posters and leaflets, in addition to the unit calculator. See: http://www.drinkaware.co.uk/how-many-units.html.

Drinkaware (U.K.). The DrinkAware campaign promotes responsible alcohol consumption and aims to raise awareness about U.K.’s standard drink units. Campaign materials include a pocket-sized unit calculator designed to explain how responsible drinking advice translates into actual drinks. It underlines the U.K. Government’s sensible drinking message—i.e., drinking no more than 2 to 3 drinks a day for women and 3 to 4 drinks for men. The campaign’s website encourages users to log on and discover useful information about alcohol and drinking compatible with a healthy lifestyle. See: http://www.drinkaware.co.uk.

How Much Alcohol Does Your Drink Have? (Australia). This community education campaign was designed to teach consumers that a standard drink in Australia contains 10 grams of alcohol, and that a 30ml nip of spirits contains the same amount of alcohol as a 100ml glass of wine, or a 285ml glass of full-strength beer. Launched in September 1995, the campaign supported the Federal Government’s standard drink labeling requirements on all beverage alcohol containers sold in retail outlets. It was a supplement to the Government’s three-year national education and risk awareness campaign, “Alcohol. Go Easy.” State and local governments, community groups and organizations, and industry groups collaborated to implement various initiatives associated with this campaign. In 1995, over 60,000 posters were distributed as inserts in alcohol trade publications, 50,000 went to large licensed nightclubs and hotels across Australia, and 25,000 were sent to health departments, drug and alcohol organizations, the police, schools, health promotion organizations, and other community groups. Over 1,000 posters were sent to parliamentarians and health professionals. The final phase of the campaign was a point-of-sale intervention, commenced in June 1996. During this phase, members of the Distilled Spirits Industry Council of Australia (DSICA) distributed one million drink coasters and 50,000 posters to Australian hotels and licensed nightclubs. Community groups, community road safety committees, and other organizations also distributed the coasters and posters within their support networks. See: http://www.dsica.com.au.

Join Together Project (USA). – Alcohol Education

Know What’s in It? (U.K.). This campaign provides alcohol unit guidance and responsible drinking reminders in university bars and clubs. Using posters and placemats, the program highlights the importance of eating on a night out to slow alcohol absorption, taking soft drinks to pace the evening (“spacers”), drinking water to stay hydrated, and planning how to get home before going out. The campaign was implemented in 53 universities in 2005–2006; due to the success of the program, another wave was run throughout the 2006–2007 academic year. The program now also promotes a drink unit calculator than can be uploaded to students’ mobile phones.

Less Is More—It’s Your Choice (Ireland). The first phase of this campaign involved a number of high-profile celebrities to get across short messages with the theme that “Less is More.” The campaign launch took place at a special seminar attended by over 100 stakeholders, including health professionals, youth groups, teachers, parents, community groups, vintners, and the police. The campaign’s focus is not only on reducing problem drinking but also on promoting healthier alternatives, lifestyles, and activities. The campaign’s second phase, supported by the Drinks Industry Group, was aimed at buyers and suppliers of alcohol. In addition, a special travel wallet advertisement was developed by the Health Promotion Unit, emphasizing safe consumption of alcohol, in line with the Unit’s Alcohol Awareness Campaign. The advertisement carried the slogan, “Less is More—It’s Your Choice.” This initiative targeted young people on holiday who may be at greater risk of alcohol-related harm. Finally, two radio advertisements were launched to target the 18- to 29-year-old “binge” drinkers. The ads were done in a vox pop style, featuring a young woman or a young man being stopped on the street and asked about typical drinking occasions. The ad was aimed to indirectly question the preconceptions the target age group may have about regular drinking occasions and encourage them to, “Think before you drink—less is more.” See: http://www.healthpromotion.ie/campaigns/.

National Community Pharmacy Campaign (Australia). – "At-risk" Populations

Standard Drinks Calculator (Ireland). This online Standard Drinks Calculator allows the consumers to determine the specific number of standard drinks they had in a seven-day period. The website has been developed in the context of the MEAS (Mature Enjoyment of Alcohol in Society, Ltd.) initiative to educate the general public about alcohol and to promote moderation. The Standard Drinks Calculator can also track the number of consumers who have used the resource. See: http://www.meas.ie/drinkcalculator1.php.

Alcohol and the Workplace

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Ensuring Solutions to Alcohol Problems (USA). This program provides research-based information and tools to policy-makers, employers, and concerned citizens to help avoid the negative effects of problem drinking and increase access to treatment. Ensuring Solutions publishes a variety of publicly available resources, including fact sheets, issue briefs, policy briefs, and educational primers. The program’s website features a cost calculator that helps employers to estimate the projected costs of problem drinking in the workplace, according to organization size and industry. Ensuring Solutions also provides policy recommendations to employers, such as maintaining employee assistance programs (EAPs) and health education programs, offering comprehensive health insurance, and collaborating with business organizations like the Washington Business Group on Health or the National Business Coalition on Health. See: http://www.ensuringsolutions.org/.

Project LIFT – Leave in a Free Taxi (USA). Project LIFT is a company-wide awareness campaign and a safe-ride program, run by GEICO, addressing the dangers of alcohol-impaired driving during the winter holiday season. GEICO employees are encouraged not to drink and drive. If they do drink, the company will reimburse up to USD 25 for their (as well as their family’s or friends’) taxi fare. Reimbursement is obtained by filling out a short form available at local health unit or GEICO human resources office and providing a taxi receipt. Participation in Project LIFT is confidential. See: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/alcohol/ydyl11_00/tips_html/success_story2.html.

Safe and Vital Employees, SAVE (USA). This is a business outreach program on alcohol-impaired driving. It uses interactive educational presentations for employees about the importance of traffic safety, alcohol-impaired driving laws, health and legal consequences of drunk driving, and safe party tips. The two key elements of the program are a larger-than-life Monopoly board (which asks questions about the effects of impaired driving on both the professional and personal level) and “Fatal Vision Goggles” to simulate impaired vision (the employees are asked to throw and catch a set of keys and perform standardized sobriety tests in the goggles). In addition, presentations by local police officers and victims of drunk drivers add credibility to the effort. See: http://www.wrap.org/programs_adult3.html and http://www.ncadd.com/view.cfm?oid=13&pid=28.

Team Awareness (USA). This workplace training program addresses behavioral risks associated with problem drinking by employees and their families. The training consists of six modules and is conducted in a minimum of two four-hour sessions (two four-hour training sessions for supervisors and two four-hour training sessions for employees). Larger companies generally require multiple training sessions. Team Awareness is highly interactive and uses group discussion, communication exercises, a board game, role play, and self-assessments. Modules cover policy ownership, enabling, stress management, listening skills, and peer referral. Successful implementation requires a facilitator who can be trained within three and a half days. The facilitator must be familiar with the organization, its policies, and employee assistance resources (e.g., company medical office, employee assistance programs, and substance use guidelines). Sessions should consist of 10 to 25 employees and be presented in a training room equipped with overhead projector, screen, and flipcharts. This program has been shown to increase employee help-seeking and supervisor responsiveness, enhance the work climate, and reduce problem drinking. See: http://www.organizationalwellness.com/index.asp?strType=Content&strPage=Team_Awareness.

The Healthy Workplace (Australia, Canada, USA). This set of workplace substance abuse interventions aims to reduce risky drinking, illegal drug use, and prescription drug abuse while improving the health practices of employees. It consists of five interventions delivered in small-group sessions that use specially developed videos and print materials. (“Say Yes!” is a general health promotion video with segments on problem drinking. “Working People” focuses on alcohol abuse and is especially appropriate for an 18- to 35-year-old, blue-collar workforce. “Make the Connection” focuses on alcohol-free stress management techniques, fitness, and nutrition.) A special web-based program, The Prevention Connection, has been created to train health promotion specialists to implement these interventions. This training program can be accessed at www.PrevConn.com. The Healthy Workplace programs resulted in a 47% reduction in the number of drinks consumed in past 30 days; a 67% reduction in the number of days of heavy drinking in past 30 days; an increase in perceived risks of alcohol and illegal drug use; and an improved motivation to reduce drinking. See: http://www.centerforworkforcehealth.com/main.asp.

Working Solutions to Substance Abuse (USA). This website includes a number of resources and toolkits for employers to establish behavioral health modification programs within the workplace. See: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org/pdfs/fullreport_behavioralhealthservices.pdf.

HIV/AIDS Risks and Drinking Patterns

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Addressing Alcohol Addiction and Adherence to Anti-retroviral Treatment (Kenya). The Regional Outreach Addressing AIDS through Development Strategies (ROADS) Project, funded by USAID/East Africa and managed in collaboration with Family Health International in Nairobi, supports programming that addresses the role of alcohol abuse in HIV risk behavior and its impact on adherence to anti-retroviral treatment (ART) at the community level. Participating communities have formed task forces to address the nexus of alcohol, gender-based violence, and HIV. In Busia, Kenya, for example, a group of 20 men and women living with HIV/AIDS established an Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) chapter that meets weekly to discuss substance misuse and other issues, including ART adherence. The AA chapter is closely linked with local health facilities to provide referral to and from the group. See: http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/Projects/res_ROADS_Project.htm.

Folk Art and HIV/AIDS Prevention (India). The Society to Help Rural Empowerment & Education (STHREE) promotes behavioral change in remote rural communities of Andrah Pradesh, India. It focuses much of its attention on communities at increased risk for human trafficking, located along the highways and near truck stops, which are a particular source of HIV/AIDS infections in India. The need to change risky behaviors is communicated through the use of various forms of traditional and interactive media, including plays, songs, and folk dancing. Through these culturally familiar media, STHREE delivers educational, consequential, and remedial information on HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, alcohol abuse, violence, and forms of sexual coercion. For more information, please contact: hemabedi_pkd@yahoo.co.in.

RISHTA (India). The Institute for Community Research is now conducting a three-year (2005 – 2008) study entitled RISHTA: Male Sexual Health in India, which engages men in reproductive health education and early HIV/STD treatment in three urban communities in Mumbai, India. A supplement to the program works with married women who are at increased HIV and sexual violence risk from their husbands’ drinking and sex behavior. This program works in communities characterized by long-term and recent migration from rural areas of the western, southern, and northern states and focuses on the factors that promote male social drinking. See: http://www.incommunityresearch.com/programs/alcoholmumbai.htm.

Urban Women Against Substance Abuse, UWASA (USA). – Women and Alcohol

Women, Noncommercial Alcohol, and HIV (Kenya). In Mariakani, Kenya, the ROADS Project is working through local women’s groups to reach out to women who brew mnazi (an inexpensive and strong form of alcohol) in a program that addresses primary prevention measures for HIV and discusses the link between HIV transmission and problem drinking. ROADS recognizes that for many low-income women the production of local brew is their only source of livelihood. The project works to make mnazi establishments safer—especially from sexual exploitation of young women (including daughters of the mnazi sellers) and violence. For example, the brewers are being trained in resisting gender-based violence and in being peer leaders, promoting condom use in their informal establishments, and referring customers and peers for HIV counseling, testing, care, and treatment. The project is also working to address alternative economic activities for these women. See: http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/Projects/res_ROADS_Project.htm.